Thermal insulation measures are becoming an integral part of construction work. A huge selection of insulating materials and simple installation technology contribute to this. Comfort is created not where they spend a lot of money on heating, but where they retain heat. One of the popular options is mineral wool insulation. The heat insulator has many advantages, and working with it is simple.
Mineral wool - what is it and where is it used?
Mineral wool became available to the average consumer more than 10-15 years ago. Since then, manufacturers have only improved its properties - by reducing the harmful effects on the environment and increasing thermal insulation characteristics. However, its main basis remains unchanged - mineral fibers in an air-structural spatial arrangement.
The material has a shapeless or granular structure with lumps, yellow, brown or green in color with an admixture of various shades. Mineral wool is produced by melting sand, glass, rocks and slag and then centrifuging the molten mass using the blow molding method (similar to the production of cotton candy).
As a result, a cotton mass is formed with three directions of fibers - horizontal, vertical and chaotic. To give the product the required strength, the fibers are impregnated with binding components - synthetic resins, bitumen and other substances. Next, the mass is formed into a form convenient for use - slabs or mats.
Structure of mineral wool Source gipsohouse.ru
Mineral wool is used not only for insulating the walls of a private house from the outside or inside, but also in a number of other cases:
- Thermal insulation of communication networks - water supply, sewerage, gas lines.
- Soundproofing of interior partitions.
- Production of sandwich panels.
- Protection against heat loss through horizontal ceilings and roofs.
- Equipment casing.
- Manufacturing of a filtration system.
- Creation of a wet and ventilated facade.
Note! Mineral wool is often used to line chimneys in attics and attic rooms for better heating and to prevent condensation accumulation. However, when heated to 300-4000C, the material undergoes destructuring with loss of properties. In the future, it will simply crumble. To avoid this, you need to choose a heat-resistant option - basalt wool.
Safety precautions when working
To protect mucous membranes and skin from the harmful effects of fibers and dust, which can cause irritation, it is necessary to carry out work in special clothing. Gloves are required. To protect your eyes, you can use a mask or special glasses. At the end of all procedures, you must immediately remove your clothes, wash your hands thoroughly, and only then proceed to your face.
Strict adherence to technology, the use of proven materials, and compliance with safety precautions will allow mineral wool insulation to be carried out absolutely safely and to obtain maximum thermal insulation effect.
Varieties
Thermal insulation wool is classified according to the raw materials used in production into the following 3 types:
- Stone.
- Slag.
- Glass.
Let's look at their features in more detail.
The principle of insulating a wall from the outside with stone wool Source fasadec.ru
Stone
Stone or basalt wool is made from rocks of volcanic origin - mainly granite, porphyrite and basalt. Due to the fine-grained nature of the raw materials, the fibers during production are very thin (about 1-3 microns) and long - up to 50 mm. Such structural features determine a number of the following positive properties of the material:
- Resistance to aggressive environments.
- Preservation of structure when heated to 1000°C.
- High levels of elasticity, strength, flexibility, porosity.
- Attenuation of sound air and shock sound vibrations.
- Applicability for interior decoration.
- Possibility of installation under plaster.
- 50 years of service.
- Hygroscopicity – no more than 1%.
Stone mineral wool for insulating house walls is not without its drawbacks. First of all, they are associated with the highest price among analogues and reduced heat resistance (for polymer-based varieties).
Insulating the attic from the inside with stone wool Source recn.ru
Slag
The production of the slag type of heat-insulating material is based on waste from metallurgical production. In this case, the average parameters of the fibers are as follows: length 15-16 mm, diameter - 5-12 µm. Since the material cannot withstand a large number of temperature change cycles and contains harmful acidic components, it is not used for finishing residential premises, but mainly for outbuildings.
Against the background of the general advantages characteristic of this type of thermal material, slag wool has a fair number of disadvantages:
- The minimum heat resistance is only 300°C.
- High hygroscopicity.
- Manifestation of causticity during styling.
- Presence of harmful components in the composition.
- Reaction with metal surfaces.
However, slag wool is an inexpensive insulation option with good durability, sound insulation and the ability to be easily installed in hard-to-reach places.
Mineral wool is suitable for insulating the external walls of any building Source stroy-podskazka.ru
See also: https://m-strana.ru/brands/uteplenie-domov/
Glass
Glass wool is made primarily from glass mass with the addition of limestone, soda and dolomite. The length of the fibers of the material can reach 5 cm. Among its main advantages are:
- Heat resistance up to 450°C.
- High elasticity, vibration resistance and impact noise resistance.
- Chemical resistance.
- Versatility in use.
However, insulation with glass mineral wool has a number of limitations. It has a high water absorption coefficient, insufficient heat resistance and is caustic during installation.
On a note! Mineral wool in rolls is always characterized by a minimum density. This is due to the fact that the material itself is very fragile, and with a high density value it would simply break when trying to roll it.
Thermal conductivity
Thermal conductivity is the ability of a material to transfer thermal energy from a warm part of the material to a colder part. When it comes to insulating walls or floors, the lower the indicator, the longer the external cold will not be able to penetrate the room, and therefore heating costs will be reduced. In the summer heat, thermal conductivity has the opposite effect and helps keep the inside of the house cool.
Due to its fibrous structure, heat transfer through mineral wool depends on the thickness of the threads. Glass wool with fibers of 5-15 microns has a thermal conductivity index of 0.038-0.046 W/(m*K). And basalt wool, with fibers with a cross-section of 3-5 microns, begins its minimum value from 0.033 W/(m*K). Since insulation made from a basalt base has thinner threads, heat transfer through them takes longer, which makes it a leader in this characteristic.
Dimensions, shape
Modern manufacturers package tepid wool in two main forms:
- Rolls or mats. The length of the product is 7-10 m, width 120 cm, thickness – 50 mm. The density of the material is quite low. This is due to the purpose of the rolls - for finishing floors, roofs, partitions and other non-load-bearing structures.
Mineral wool slabs and rolls for thermal insulation of walls Source o-cemente.info
- Plates. Standard dimensions are 120 x 60 cm, width 5-10 cm. Density is medium or high. Designed for installation in hard-to-reach places and structural elements with loads.
Good to know! The main advantage of mineral wool as insulation for wooden walls is the unhindered transmission of water vapor. This allows you to maintain the natural microclimate in the house. However, before laying the material, the wood surface must be treated with antiseptic compounds to avoid the formation of mold and fungi due to possible accumulation of dampness.
In what cases should it be used?
Modern technologies make it possible to produce specialized brands of mineral-based insulation, which simplifies the choice: “Warm roof”, “Warm walls”, etc. If there are no names, then you need to focus on the operating conditions, which, in turn, dictate the thickness, specific gravity and hygroscopicity of the material.
Thus, mineral wool for insulating the roof of a house or attic with a complex surface , where there are a large number of protrusions and depressions, should be in fiberglass rolls and have a specific weight of 11-15 kg/m3. This insulation fits tightly to the base of the insulated structure, creating a thermal contour with a minimum number of seams.
To carry out internal thermal insulation work on walls, you can use glass wool with the same density, but in the form of mats. For walls in glazed balconies and loggias, a denser material is needed - 20-30 kg/m3.
Glass wool can be used to insulate any structural elements of a house . The only limitation here is dampness. As a last resort, the finishing should completely protect the insulation from high humidity or direct contact with water.
Basalt wool can be used for insulating baths, saunas, “wet” facades, foundations (only from the inside) . Due to its very low hygroscopicity, this is the best solution. You need to choose insulation based on specific gravity. The lightest, low-density brands are suitable for flat roofs, floors on the first floors, and attics . This type of cotton wool is also suitable for insulating pipelines.
Denser stone wool (100-150 kg/m3) is used to insulate the internal cavity of brick and frame houses . Mineral wool with the same specific gravity is needed to insulate the ceiling and floors.
Heavier and more rigid insulation (from 150 kg/m3) is used for reinforced concrete walls and floors . With a mat density of about 200 kg/m3, stone wool can be used as fire protection.
If for any reason there are doubts about the use of mineral wool, you can always find an alternative option.
Advantages and disadvantages
General benefits of using mineral wool:
- Good thermal insulation properties.
- Noise absorption.
- Environmental Safety.
- Fire resistance.
- Moisture resistance.
- Vapor permeability.
- Durability.
- Resistance to biological factors.
- Processability.
- Easy installation.
- Strength.
Negative factors of using the material include:
- The need to use protective equipment during installation.
- High cost compared to alternative synthetic insulation.
To insulate a large area, you will need to invest a lot of money Source imageban.ru
- Deformation of the structure under the influence of load, wind, vibration, shrinkage, and wetting.
- Insufficient heat resistance.
Important! With all the obvious pros and cons, mineral wool has long established itself as a reliable material for insulating the walls of a house. However, in order for its service life to correspond to that declared by the manufacturer and for the structure not to suffer from the effects of moisture accumulation under the cladding, it is necessary to strictly follow the installation technology.
Shrinkability
Shrinkage involves sliding or caking of the insulation after some time. If the tendency of the material to shrink is high, then voids without insulation may form and the thermal insulation of the building will deteriorate.
Here, the difference between basalt wool and mineral fiberglass wool lies in the improved structure of the first. Some of the basalt wool fibers are located vertically, which prevents caking throughout its entire service life. The same cannot be said about glass wool, which, if properly installed, can last for a long period, but will still shrink over time. Glass wool placed in horizontal structures is subject to shrinkage the most, where, in addition to caking, sliding of the material can occur.
Insulation technology
When finishing the walls of a house with mineral wool, first of all it is necessary to take into account the following important aspects:
- Material will be laid on the inside or outside of the walls of the house.
- Calculation of dew point.
- The thickness of the required layer and its density.
Let's look at these features in more detail.
External
Insulation of walls using wet technology is carried out according to the following algorithm:
- The outer surface of the wall is cleaned, if necessary, primed and treated with an antiseptic.
- The base plate is installed.
- Next, the mineral slabs are laid, glued and screwed onto dowels onto the prepared surface.
External insulation diagram Source kronotech.ru
- A reinforcing mesh is mounted on top of the material layer.
- After this, the wall is primed, plastered and painted.
If the walls are made of wood or foam concrete, ventilated facade technology is used. It differs from the one described above in that the tepid material is placed in a pre-installed lathing frame. At the same time, its depth is such that there is a gap of several centimeters between the finishing material mounted on it in the final stage and the insulation. In addition, the surface of the cotton wool must be lined with a wind-moisture-proof film.
Internal
Sometimes it becomes necessary to insulate the walls of a house with mineral wool not only from the outside, but also from the inside. In this case, external insulation may be absent altogether. Then the installation technology is performed in a similar way - except that there is no need to leave a gap. In addition, it is extremely important to perform high-quality steam and moisture protection. It is performed in several options:
- If the wall is made of breathable material (for example, wood), steam should leave the room, but external moisture should not enter.
Installation of insulation
Insulation of the facade with mineral wool is carried out using several technologies. Here are instructions for the most common methods: insulation of frame walls, facades under siding and decorative plaster.
Insulation of frame walls
Insulation of frame walls has the following work algorithm:
- from inside the room, a para-insulating membrane is attached along the frame posts, with the smooth side facing the insulation;
- a block is placed on top of the membrane or a metal profile is screwed on to create a ventilation gap;
- OSB or plasterboard (gypsum plasterboard) is fastened onto a padded block (profile) for finishing;
- mats are installed between the racks. Here, home craftsmen often do not know how to attach mineral wool to the wall of a frame house. There is no need to be tricky - it is held between the posts due to its rigidity and slightly larger size;
- A windproof film (type A) is fixed on top of the insulation with staples;
Important: the outer layer of the vapor barrier cannot be stretched, as in frosty weather the film shrinks in size and may burst. There should be 1 cm of sag between the posts.
- the counter-lattice is filled with a block of 5.0x6.0 cm (according to SNiP, the ventilation gap should be 6 cm);
- the walls are sheathed.
Quite often, especially in cold zones of the country, double insulation of a frame house is carried out. In this case, a sheathing of horizontal timber is placed on the outside of the frame. Basalt wool mats are installed between the beams.
The insulation is covered with a windproof film, on top of which a counter-lattice is placed to create a ventilation gap. An OSB board 9 mm thick is laid over the counter-lattice if the façade will be finished with artificial or natural stone. The siding panels are attached to the counter battens.
Insulation under siding
Under the siding, mineral wool slabs are laid from bottom to top, as closely as possible to each other in the absence of a horizontal beam. In the cells - in space. Non-standard pieces in corners, near window openings and doors last. Cutting to size is done with a construction knife.
The top of the insulation is covered with a windproof film. A counter-lattice with a beam height of 2-6 cm is placed on it (violation of SNiP regarding the size of the ventilation gap does not lead to negative consequences). Cladding panels are attached to the padded slats.
Insulation of facade under plaster
Applying decorative plaster to basalt wool requires rigid fixation of the mats to the wall. This makes changes to insulation technology. The process consists of the following operations:
- prepare the glue according to the instructions printed on the package;
- The adhesive mass is applied with a notched trowel to the mat over the entire surface, pointwise or along the perimeter and with a point in the center of the slab.
Important: some authors of works on construction sites recommend applying glue to the ends of the insulation, which is a serious mistake.
- the mat is pressed against the wall. The 1st row is pasted. The mats of the second row are attached with an offset of at least 150 mm (like brickwork);
Attention: it is impossible to accommodate all the subtleties of the technological process in one work. Therefore, we strongly recommend that all home craftsmen who perform facade insulation with mineral wool look at the works: “Wall insulation with stone wool” and “Wall insulation with foam plastic.”
- corner, top and mats adjacent to door and window openings are cut to size with a construction knife;
- in the corner the mats should overlap each other one at a time, in a checkerboard pattern;
- corner joints are reinforced with plastic or metal plaster corner;
- The plates are additionally secured with dowels with a large plastic head at 5 points: 4 in the corners, one in the center. Fastening between seams is allowed. In this case, the dowel fixes two mats at once;
- The insulation surface is reinforced with fiberglass mesh. The glue is the same as that used to attach the slabs. The mesh is overlapped, overlapping the previous strip by 20 cm. The top is covered with glue 2-3 mm thick;
- dried glue is primed twice;
- After the primer has completely dried, the facade is finished with decorative plaster.
Important: insulation of the outside walls of a wooden house with mineral wool is carried out using the same technologies as given above.
You can insulate the attic using thermal insulation technology under siding.
Video description
Video instructions for external installation of mineral wool under plaster:
- If the wall does not allow air to pass through (for example, made of brick), steam should not pass either into the wall or from the wall into the room.
Otherwise, there is a high probability of moisture accumulation in the wall material and the thermal insulation layer. In this case, the development of all the accompanying negative processes is inevitable - freezing of the walls, the formation of fungi and mold.
Dew point
The most important factor in the proper arrangement of a thermal insulation layer is taking into account the dew point. If its position is inside the wall, this means that moisture will begin to accumulate inside it and destroy the material. Thermal insulation shifts its location in two ways:
- Outside – when laid externally they are a little warm.
- Inside – with internal insulation.
Material calculation
The amount of insulation directly depends on the area and is calculated simply - it is multiplied by the number of layers. However, here it is important not to make a mistake in the thickness - it is not economically profitable to increase it too much, on the contrary, reduce it too much - the wall will freeze, and all the work will be in vain. Instead of some kind of theoretical calculations, practical experience of use is more important here - it will be more effective to collect information about already insulated buildings in your region and experience of further operation. Then analyze and draw conclusions for yourself. After all, the correct thickness of mineral wool for insulation is selected additionally, to the finished wall, which itself has protective properties - albeit insufficient, but they exist.
Briefly about the main thing
Mineral wool is an air-structured fibrous material produced by air centrifuging molten rock, slag and glass. It is widely used for heat and sound insulation of walls, partitions, ceilings, communications, equipment and structures.
Based on the type of mineral wool raw material, there are 3 varieties:
- Stone.
- Slag.
- Glass.
Each of them has its own pros, cons and purpose. The material is produced in the form of slabs and mat-rolls. The main advantages of mineral wool are resistance to fire, dampness and biological factors, and durability. Disadvantages - high cost and possible destruction of the structure over time. When laying, it is necessary to take into account which side the installation is being carried out on - from the inside or outside, where the dew point will be located and what the thickness of the heat-insulating layer should be.
Ratings 0
Mineral wool for thermal insulation of a house:
General characteristics of the material
Mineral wool differences
- Glass wool
- Slag
- Stone
Pros and cons of such thermal insulation
What to look for when purchasing
- Two more selection criteria
Instructions for proper insulation
- Basic installation mistakes
- How to insulate a house from the inside
- Video on insulating a frame structure
Mineral wool for wall insulation consists of randomly intertwined fibers. There are several types of it: stone, glass, slag. The first option is considered the best option. It is used in houses where the long service life of the structure and its other qualities are important. Let's talk in more detail about the features of the material and how suitable it is for thermal insulation of buildings.
Price list
Insulation of ventilation façade with cladding
| Name | Without insulation | 50mm | 100mm |
| — porcelain stoneware, rub/m2 | 3045 | 3330 | 3440 |
| — fiber cement panels, rub/m2 | 3175 | 3460 | 3570 |
| — metal cassettes, rub/m2 | 3415 | 3700 | 3810 |
| — Clinker tiles, rub/m2 | 5245 | 5530 | 5640 |
| — Aluminum cassettes, rub/m2 | 6860 | 7145 | 7255 |
| — Planken, rub/m2 | 4815 | 5100 | 5210 |
| — Composite cassettes, rub/m2 | 3520 | 3805 | 3915 |
| — Metal siding, rub/m2 | 2715 | 3000 | 3110 |
| — Profiled sheet, rub/m2 | 2215 | 2500 | 2610 |
| — Terracotta panels, rub/m2 | 7815 | 8100 | 8210 |
| — HPL panels, rub/m2 | 6860 | 7145 | 7255 |
| — Natural stone, rub/m2 | 6090 | 6375 | 6485 |
| Name / thickness of thermal insulation | 60mm | 80mm | 100mm |
| Turnkey installation of thermal panels lined with artificial stone, rub/m2 | 3300 | 3450 | 3550 |
