Gable roof with different slopes: conquering asymmetry geometry

A gable roof is a roof formed by two inclined surfaces. They are directed towards each other, and the intersection is connected by one ridge parallel to the long side of the house. A gable roof with different slopes is a type of structure. It is distinguished from the traditional symmetrical design primarily by geometric parameters, and only then by specific features.

Users often search for: “The number of screws per sheet of corrugated sheet.”

Fantasy games or invaluable benefits?

• placing one slope to the south;
• the second at a different angle, or longer, to the north;
• correctly calculating all loads from wind and snow;
• wisely organizing the interior space of the house,

Such a builder achieves much more efficiency from his creation than if he built an ordinary two-story house under a gable roof. Those. all the disadvantages were reclassified as advantages, and the originality remained at its best:

As modern architects have calculated, installing just one angle above 45 degrees significantly reduces the unused area of ​​the house. And this is worth a lot.

Finding the difference in wall heights

To make a garage roof with the desired slope, you need to increase the height of one of the walls. Knowing the minimum angle of inclination and the exact distance between the walls, it will be easy to calculate the required size of an additional piece of the partition. It is calculated using the formula shown in the figure below.

Finding the difference in wall heights Source kak-sdelano.ru

At the same time, you can find the required length of the rafter leg. But you need to take into account that the calculations will not indicate the dimensions of the overhangs. And without them, the pitched roof of the bathhouse will look unfinished. Firstly, the walls need to be protected from rain and other precipitation. And for this it is necessary to extend the beam by at least 20 cm.

Secondly, aesthetically such an overhang looks ridiculous. Therefore, it is better to increase the size to 60 cm. But this is for a one-story building. If the building has two levels, the overhang for it should be up to 120 cm in length. Such parameters will fit more harmoniously into the overall appearance of the building. But for more accurate searches, you can run all the sizes in special design programs on your computer.

Advantages and disadvantages of pitched roofs

What is so good about an asymmetrical roof that for the sake of its benefits many are willing to risk both the strength of the house and the durability of the roof over their own heads? Let's list them.

Uniqueness and design

The asymmetrical roof always looks stylish in any location. In our country, after so many centuries of constant construction of gable gables, any such projects are already striking, causing surprise and leaving an indelible impression.

Moreover, if you want to create a completely unique house architecture, then the easiest way to realize your crazy idea is with the help of such a solution as different slopes.

Advantageous architecture

And many more valuable advantages:

Often, an asymmetrical roof is also used to install any necessary equipment, for example, solar panels.

Resisting the Elements

This approach solves the problem of distributing the load from wind and snow at a time, whereas it is usually difficult to decide whether to make the roof peaked, thus getting rid of tons of snowflakes, or flat so that it does not get torn off in the first storm.

And how difficult it usually is to calculate the snow and wind loads of a roof, this video will tell you:

A real “salvation” for the attic

In this case, the geometry of the attic is no longer so unusual, and one of the walls may well even be vertical if you, without regret, lose some half a meter of sharp space under this slope:

To make or not to make such a roof?

Essentially, you have two aspects on the scales:

• On the first bowl: uniqueness, design and some functional advantages.
• On the second side: the difficulty of executing such projects.

Attic: should I leave it, and in what form?

Of course, there is no point in creating a full-fledged attic in such a roof. You won't be able to park your bike there, you won't be able to stack hay there, and you won't be able to throw gardening tools in there. But still, the attic itself in its direct sense is necessary.

Let's immediately define this concept: what is an attic? But this is not only the space that is usually located on the roof and is sometimes converted into a living space, like an attic. In fact, the attic is a small space between the living spaces of the house and the roof covering, which can be either in the form of a spacious attic or in the form of a very small air gap between the roof itself and the internal cladding. Entering such a room, you think that there is no attic, and instead of a ceiling there are just slopes trimmed with siding.

In the case of a room such as a veranda, it doesn’t matter whether you want to have a flat horizontal ceiling or leave it in the form of a house, the air space between the sheathing and the vapor barrier film is a must. Ideally, it will be within 5-15 centimeters, and the air can exit and enter through special vents.

Why is this necessary? so that the attic can fulfill its most important function - to be a thermal cushion between the cold roof, which is in direct contact with the environment, and the internal humid and warm room.

By the way, if you had to add such a veranda to an existing house, use the useful tips from this video:

Review of the most successful projects and examples of construction

Different angle of inclination, but equal length of slopes

Note that this option is the most gentle for designing a pitched roof and it exerts almost no different pressure on the foundation. And here’s how to build a gable roof with different slope angles of equal-length slopes:

The only disadvantage of this option is the design. Believe me, it is much easier to calculate the slopes that are at the same angle of inclination, and it is much easier to attach them to the ridge.

Different lengths of slopes, but one angle of inclination

In this option, one of the slopes is slightly or significantly longer than the other. Like in this example:

Here one of the slopes is much longer than the other, thanks to which the roof covered not only the house, but also the attached veranda nearby. And at the same time, the long slope itself rests not only on the house, but also on the extension, thereby maintaining a balance in the load from the roof.

Here is another good example of the construction of such a roof, however, the longer slope here covers not an extension, but part of the house itself:

Another project:

But in this project, the roof of the house has the same slopes on one side, and different slopes on the other:

Slopes of different shapes and lengths

But this option is more rational in terms of uniformly distributing the load on the walls of the house, because thanks to the fracture there is no longer one pushing force of the rafter system:

Please note that under the refraction, such a roof has additional supports. And keep in mind that any kinks are always the most problematic areas of the roof.

The most unusual gable roofs

Such projects of pitched roofs no longer belong to those listed above due to their non-standard nature. But these are rare:

And one more project as an example, with one broken slope:

Gable roof with offset center ridge

It’s more difficult to figure out the skate, but everything is doable:

By the way! It will be interesting to know: Choosing a chimney for a brick chimney pipe and installing the product yourself

But especially carefully it is necessary to design the load from a displaced ridge on a timber structure. After all, the walls settle quite strongly in the first year, up to 15%, and therefore it is important to prevent the entire roof from skewing later:

Organization of space

Increasing the roof slope allows you to profitably use the space in the attic. With this approach, you can arrange a spacious storage room, a comfortable room or a spacious attic under the roof. Often one roofing surface covers two floor spans at once. This is exactly the case when the slopes obviously differ in length. Also, it becomes possible to arrange a terrace, the canopy of which will be a continuation of one of the slopes.

Common methods of increasing the area include the use of broken structures, when one of the slopes, not reaching the base, changes the angle of inclination. Of course, such sophistications incur costs for additional building materials and complex work.

Advantages and disadvantages of a gable roof in a bathhouse

Before installing a gable roof, you need to study its functional disadvantages and advantages. This will avoid unpleasant surprises in the future.

Among the main advantages of a roof with two slopes are:

In addition to the functional and useful advantages, a gable roof has one drawback.

And if the project plans for a large bathhouse, it will require a lot of material. This can significantly hit your budget.

Features of a flat roof

The simple appearance of a pitched roof is very deceptive. It is believed that it can be successfully used only where large financial investments are not required. Mainly where there is no need to think about good thermal insulation. And appearance is not particularly important.

But this opinion exists only in the vastness of our country. Northern regions generally consider this design impractical. But they have a good reason. Heavy snowfalls can create a critical load that the rafter system cannot cope with.

As for aesthetics, this is most likely a matter of habit. Gable structures or roofs with four inclined planes are more pleasing to our eyes. And there’s more than enough practicality. In the spacious attics of some houses, unnecessary rubbish has been accumulating for several generations.

Meanwhile, Europe has long ceased to avoid flat roofing. And along with the ancient peaked gable roofs, today we often find houses with a pitched roof. True, all this is justified by a milder climate. And one more secret. An individual approach of Western architects to each building.

Modern houses in Europe Source akak7.ru

Therefore, residents of most of our regions continue to consider only garage and bathhouse projects with a pitched roof. But they are in no hurry to try it on their homes. Meanwhile, with the right approach, the design has many advantageous sides. And they more than cover the known disadvantages of a flat roof.

Advantages of a pitched roof:

• Compared to a gable design, the savings in materials are almost doubled.
• The low weight allows the use of a lightweight foundation for the building.
• If the building is correctly oriented according to the wind rose, the windage of the roof is significantly reduced.
• The maintainability of the structure is much higher, due to the possibility of free movement along the plane.
• Easy installation that requires little time.
• Possibility to use the simplest rafter system.
• Wide selection of roofing materials.
• Availability of chimney installation and simple drainage system.

From the above, a reasonable conclusion can be drawn. The financial costs of erecting a pitched roof on a bathhouse or garage are significantly reduced. Compared to other roofing structures. But the shortcomings must also be discussed openly.

Garage with one slope Source hitas.eu

Disadvantages of a pitched roof:

• For the northern regions of our country, competent calculation of the cross-section of elements to withstand snow loads is required.
• The smaller the angle of inclination, the more thermal insulation needs to be strengthened. The same applies to moisture resistance and noise reduction.
• To create an attractive appearance, you will have to abandon standard roofing materials and pay attention to their modern types.

Regarding the last point, developers have to use ingenuity or improve the quality of facade work. But basically, a beautiful appearance is formed at the stage of creating a project.

One more point should be mentioned. Not everyone likes uneven, sloping ceilings. But for an outbuilding, this can hardly be called a minus. Moreover, no one forbids installing a flat ceiling in the room. This will also allow you to use the small attic space for technical purposes.

Shed roof with attic Source prom.st

How to calculate the angle of inclination of a gable roof for a bathhouse

The angle of inclination of a roof with two slopes in the construction of a bathhouse must be understood as the degree between the horizontal level, which coincides with the wall and the line of the rafter.

Depending on the angle of inclination, roofs are divided into the following types indicated in the table:

Angle in degrees

Classic gable roofs are made at an angle of 45°. It is important to understand that such a structure requires reliable fastening, since it is not intended for any terrain. The most common roof slope is 0-45°.

In addition, such an approach to construction does not allow correctly calculating the cost of materials, as well as optimizing the usable area in the under-roof space.

For reliable design of a bathhouse structure with a gable roof, special attention should be paid to the choice of slope. A number of factors need to be taken into account:

Calculation of the roof slope for a bathhouse can be calculated using the height of the ridge and the width of the gable using the formula:

Vk – height to the roof ridge, m;

Shf – width of the bathhouse wall, m.

If the width of the wall is 9.50 m, then the height of the ridge will be:

Vk = 9.5 m /3 = 3.17 m

Tilt angle Tg = Vk/(Shf/2) = 3.17/4.75 = 0.667

Using the Bradis table, you need to find the value of the tangent of the angle. Or you can use an engineering calculator for these purposes. Its value will be 34°.

This method of calculation is more than 50 years old. Many roofers still use this method when designing a roof.

Calculation of a gable roof

Often, novice builders, before designing and calculating the purchase of material, have questions about how to find out the length of the rafters of a gable roof. To do this, it is important to know at the design stage what the width of the building will be in order to select rafters of a standard size, so that you do not have to splice them together, sacrificing their load-bearing capacity. At the same time, you must not forget about the angle of the roof. All of these factors will ultimately influence the length calculation.

So, to calculate the length of the rafters of such a roof, you need to divide the triangle formed by the rafter system into two right triangles. Further, knowing the width of the building and the angle of inclination of the roof, you can determine the height of the ridge of the gable roof. Knowing the two legs of a right triangle and using the Pythagorean theorem, we can calculate the hypotenuse of each right triangle, which is the required length of the rafters of our roof. As a result, to determine the final length, another 30-50 cm must be added to the obtained value to ensure roof overhangs.

All calculations carried out to determine the height of the ridge (also known as the height of the pediment) and the length of the rafters are clearly shown in the image:

To facilitate complex independent calculations and eliminate accidental errors, we specially created an online calculator for calculating a gable roof, which, in addition to calculating the length of the rafters, has the following functions:

• Determination of the roof covering area and the weight of the selected roofing material;
• Determining the angle of inclination of the roof and issuing recommendations on whether the selected covering material is suitable for a given angle of inclination or not;
• Determining the length of the rafters, the required number of rafters, the minimum cross-section of the rafters and the weight of the rafter system;
• Determining the number of rows of sheathing, the number of sheathing boards, the approximate weight of the sheathing and the required amount of lumber.

From all of the above, we can conclude that a gable roof is the cheapest and most versatile type of roofing for a private home. There are examples when, using improvised means, people erected a gable roof on their own alone. But we still advise you to use the help of specialists in such matters, because a well-made roof over your head means comfort and coziness in the house.

How to make a gable roof for a bathhouse with your own hands

The work of building a gable roof with your own hands should be carried out in stages. The installation of each element does not require special skills; the main thing is that you need to carefully monitor the quality connection of the elements.

To build a roof for a 5*5 m bathhouse with your own hands, you will need the following materials and tools:

The entire stage of work can be divided into the following important steps:

After the roof of the bathhouse is made, it is necessary to check the main components of the “skeleton”; it is important that the technology is performed correctly.

Preparatory work

A pitched roof is erected with your own hands step by step only after preparatory work has been carried out. The service life of the structure depends entirely on their thoughtfulness. First of all, this concerns the correct planning of the roof and the selection of materials.

How to make a pitched roof?

For a pitched roof, the angle of inclination is the main criterion for its reliability. On the one hand, the larger the angle, the more effectively precipitation is removed, and on the other hand, it is the main element that must withstand gusts of wind. During severe winters with significant amounts of precipitation, a thick layer of ice and snow forms on the roof, which can create loads that exceed permissible loads, as a result of which the roof can become deformed and break. That is, the angle of inclination of the slope according to this criterion should be based on the climate.

Attention! The angle of inclination of the roof should be directed towards the highest wind flows in order to reduce the resistance of the structure to them.

The use of a pitched roof will not be advisable in all regions

Another factor that affects the slope of a roof is the roofing material, which may have different roughness or strength. Qualitatively, its applicability for roofing can be divided according to the angles of inclination:

• When the slope is tilted up to 100, it is allowed to use only rolled materials that have a flat and relatively smooth surface. These include roofing felt, bitumen shingles, etc.
• When tilting from 100 to 200, it is possible to use corrugated materials such as slate, metal profile or ondulin.
• When the slope is inclined 280 - 350, smooth metal roofing sheets are used, joined in a seam manner.
• Tilt angles of 250-350 are suitable for laying metal or ceramic tiles.

Determining the slope angle as a percentage and choosing a roofing covering

Important information! Greater inclination angles than 350 are not recommended due to increased resistance to air flows and deterioration of streamlining, which can lead to failure of the roofing material.

Construction and design of a pitched roof

The construction of pitched roofs is quite simple and includes the following components:

• Rafter system. Designed to absorb the main load of the roof and distribute it evenly along the entire area of ​​the walls of the facility. Usually it is made of wooden beams with a cross-section of 50x100 mm, depending on the roof area and the number of supporting elements.
• Insulating layers. They are laid between the rafters and fixed to the sheathing and cladding on the inside of the building. Their role is to ensure maximum protection of the object and supporting structural elements from moisture or freezing.
• Lathing. Designed to secure the roofing material and provide sufficient load-bearing capacity to support its own weight and various expected loads. The material for its manufacture can be MDF panels, edged and unedged boards. The choice is made according to the type of roofing material.
• Roofing material. Allows you to provide excellent aesthetic properties of the roof, as well as protect it from precipitation.

Types of pitched roof structures

Related article:

DIY pitched roof. Drawings and photos. A separate publication contains photo examples, drawings and tips for constructing a structure with your own hands.

Types of roof supports

The roof support is selected based on the weight of the structure and the characteristics of the roofing material. There are the following types of supports:

• Layered. They are additional structural elements that are installed evenly along the length of the slope in the inner part of the roof.

Layered roof type

• Hanging. The simplest fastening scheme, based on only two supports located above the walls of the building.

Exterior of a house with hanging supports

• Sliding. Fastening to the walls is carried out on a special structure supported by a Mauerlat (harness).

Example of a sliding support

Is it necessary to ensure ventilation of the under-roof space?

In some structures, the requirements of the roofing material and the object itself, due to the peculiarities of its operating conditions, create the need to ensure ventilation of the roof. A striking example is the bathhouse, where the temperature difference between the internal premises and the external environment is more than 100°C. The main goal is to get rid of the formation of condensation and damage to the main elements. To implement roof ventilation, it is necessary to provide a gap on the gables between the covering, roof and rafter system.

An option for ensuring high-quality ventilation of the under-roof space when laying metal tiles

Create a drawing

Before creating a drawing, it is necessary to take measurements of the wall trim, if this has not been done previously. After this, taking into account the specific features of the object, as well as the selected design parameters, the optimal parameters of the slope angle should be calculated.

The optimal distance between the rafters should be 1-1.5 m. The sheathing pitch is selected based on the requirements for laying the roofing material. Taking into account all the data, a drawing is created, and then the quantity of building materials that will need to be purchased is calculated. Additionally, it is recommended to make a reserve of materials in the amount of 10-15% of the total quantity.

Drawing of a hanging pitched roof

List of required tools

Carrying out construction work will require the use of a number of tools that must be prepared in advance so as not to interrupt the installation. Therefore, before making the main structural elements and building a pitched roof, you need to prepare the following tools:

• screwdriver for comfortable connection of structural elements;
• pencil or marker for marking;
• building level for adjusting the position of roof parts;
• stapler for attaching waterproofing;
• hammer for hammering nails;
• saw for sawing rafters and sheathing to the required dimensions;
• tape measure for taking measurements;
• plumb line to control vertical position.

Tips and tricks

In order to build a gable roof with your own hands with high quality, you need to take into account several recommendations before starting work. They will help to avoid mistakes during construction and increase the service life of the bath:

Do-it-yourself options for bathhouses with a gable roof can be seen in the photo:

A little about the design itself

First, let's talk about the design of such a roof. Note that a gable roof of a veranda is very rare these days. Somehow it didn’t catch on in its time. And all because its design looks a little more complicated than the design of a pitched roof, so you rarely see such projects.

In fact, there is nothing super complicated here. And the gable roof of the veranda looks especially beautiful against the background of a small building, such as a bathhouse or a country house:

The installation of such a roof is as simple as the construction of a lean-to version. Of course, we will additionally install another ridge, but in principle this task is not difficult. Therefore, if you like such veranda projects, feel free to get down to business!

Main parts of the rafter system design

When thinking about the design of a roof truss system, you need to know what parts this system consists of.

#1. Mauerlat is like the foundation of the entire system. It helps to evenly distribute the load on the walls.

#2. The rafter leg determines the angle of inclination of the slope, as well as the general appearance of the roof, rigidly fixing individual elements.

#3. Purlin – holds the legs of the rafters together. The ridge purlin is at the top, the side purlins are on the side.

#4. Tightening - prevents the rafter legs from moving apart, connecting them at the bottom.

#5. Racks and struts - give the legs of the rafters additional stability. They rest against the bed (which lies below parallel to the ridge).

#6. Lathing - is stuffed perpendicular to the rafters and is in the form of edged bars or boards. It is designed to transfer the entire load from the roofing material to the rafter legs.

#7. The ridge of a roof is where two roof slopes meet. A continuous sheathing is installed along the ridge to strengthen this part of the roof.

#8. Fillies - used to create an overhang if the length of the rafter legs is not sufficient.

#9. A roof overhang is an element designed to protect against excess rainfall on the walls.

By the way! It will be interesting to know: Aerator for soft roofs: how to install correctly

The above are examples of wooden roof trusses; in addition, in some cases, trusses made of concrete and metal are used.

• Types of roofing materials for different types of roofs

Decoration of overhangs

Roof overhangs, both gable and eaves, in addition to a purely decorative function, are intended to protect walls and foundations from water or snow. Their sizes are usually 50–60 centimeters. The design of overhangs is made using various materials:

• planed board, installed end-to-end or overlapped;
• tongue and groove lining;
• block house lining;
• sheet plastic;
• sheet profiled or smooth metal;
• finished products made of metal or plastic - soffits.

There are several ways to install overhangs:

1. Along the rafters. In this case, the lining of the space under the roof on the overhang is carried out with fastening directly to the projections of the beams.

   
   Hemming along the rafters is done along the lower edge of the rafter leg

2. Along the rafters inside. Planks are attached to the rafter leg, to which the board is hemmed. The lower part of the rafter remains open, and the opening under the roof is closed.

   
   When hemming the rafters from the inside, the rafter beams remain open

3. In the box For this method, a plank is installed from the end of the rafter perpendicular to the wall. The second plank is installed on the wall and attached to the rafter. Sometimes a jib is installed between them. The hemming is done to these planks.

   
   To frame the box, it is necessary to make a frame from mutually perpendicular bars

Ventilation holes must be made along the hem. They can be of any size, but large ones must be covered with a fine-mesh mesh made of any material. This allows you to avoid birds and harmful insects from entering the under-roof space. Soffits are sold with ready-made ventilation grilles.

Ventilation is installed only on eaves overhangs; it is not needed for gable overhangs.

When finishing with soffits, there is no need to drill ventilation holes - they are already made at the factory

Types of rafter systems - how they differ from each other

This or that type of rafter system is not chosen spontaneously, but depending on the design of the house being built and its size. Next, about each type of rafter systems.

Hanging rafter system

Here are a few important facts about their design:

• Repairing the roof of a private house - therapy for the roof

Layered rafter systems

What you need to pay special attention to:

Advantages and disadvantages

All types of pitched roofs have their advantages and disadvantages. The table below highlights their main pros and cons.

Roof and roofing

It is very important to distinguish between the words “roof” and “roof”. Roof - consists of rafters, roofing, insulating parts, encloses the house from above. Rafters are a beam that creates a slope, the load-bearing system of a pitched roof.

Roofing is the top shell of the roof, which is made from various building materials. The reliability and practicality of using a house depends on the roof.

Construction of a pitched roof

To organize the desired angle at the roof, it is necessary to artificially create a height difference at the opposite walls. As a rule, the front one is made much higher than the back one. Such a measure leads to an increase in the consumption of materials for the construction of the facade partition. But this is subsequently significantly compensated by the simplicity of the rafter system.

To install the latter, you will need a Mauerlat device. It is fixed at the top of the stone wall. And to ensure uniform load, the last row of masonry is reinforced. For partitions made of lightweight concrete or shell rock, an armored belt is poured on top. Connect the Mauerlat to the wall using studs. They are installed in the finishing row of masonry in increments of 100 cm.

If a pitched roof for a bathhouse is being built from a log or the building has a frame structure, then the last crown serves as the mauerlat. Or you can use the top harness instead. And the role of a pin is performed by a pin with a hexagonal head.

Under it, a through hole of smaller diameter (a couple of millimeters) is drilled in the Mauerlat than that of the pin. A metal rod attracts the beam to the wooden wall. And the final tie is made using a special key to the size of the hex head.

Attaching the Mauerlat to a pin Source krysha-expert.ru

If the bearing capacity of the walls is insufficient, then an additional ceiling is installed. It will take on most of the load of the future roof. To do this, racks are installed along the walls, which are completed with purlins. And the rafter legs rest on them.

A pitched roof with a roofing pie consists of:

• rafter system;
• waterproofing;
• counter-lattice;
• finishing.

A similar scheme is used for cold utility rooms. If a “warm” building is needed, then additional layers are laid. Usually this is insulation and vapor barrier.

See also: Catalog of companies that specialize in roofing work

Elements of the roof truss system

The load-bearing elements of the rafter system include:

Mauerlat is the basis for fastening the rafters; it is laid along the perimeter of the walls. It is laid so that the load is uniform. To make a Mauerlat, a beam of 20cm*20cm or 15cm*15cm (for small structures) is taken.

Inclined beams, with the help of which the load from the roof, wind and snow is transferred to the structure of the Mauerlat - these are rafter legs. They are most often mounted from the ridge to the eaves.

The beam on which the roof parts rest is a purlin. The diameter of the purlin is affected by its span, most often 20*20 cm is taken.

The truss system of a wooden roof also includes: struts, racks and tie rods. Their main function is to reduce the severity of the basic elements.

An element of the rafter system is also a truss. This structure includes: tie rods, rafters, racks, struts. The farm is built in the shape of a triangle, due to which it has good stability.

The connection nodes of the rafter system are of the following categories: the connection point between the mauerlat and the legs, the connection point between the elements of the wooden truss and the legs.

The method of connecting the Mauerlat and rafters is sliding and rigid.

Having a drawing of the rafter system, where all structural elements are indicated, will effectively help in working on the system.

"Fundamental" questions

If the foundation was not originally shared with the house, then make it as strong as the scale of the extension requires. For a massive stone veranda, it is better to build a strip one, for a log house - a columnar one, and for a frame - a perimeter beam.

Here is a good example of how to build a strong columnar foundation:

• Step 1. We dig holes in the ground up to 1 meter deep.
• Step 2. Next, we install pipes from rolled roofing felt in them.
• Step 3. We pour sand inside these pipes and then pour concrete. In the process, we pat these pipes on the sides, thereby replacing the work of the vibrator.
• Step 4. Now we install the ceiling. To do this you will need 6 bars 50x150 and 8 bars 50x100 two meters each. We make the ceilings along the contour, and in the middle of the beams, with a span between the boards of about 1 meter.
• Step 5. Now we lay down the floor boards, for which it is most convenient to use a regular inch.

Here's what it looks like in practice:

With walls it’s even easier; such a veranda is built no more difficult than any other extension:

Roof ventilation system

Streams of water vapor very often pass from a warm room into the attic, which creates condensation on the roof coverings. Wooden parts and insulation suffer from condensation.

Ventilation is done to eliminate moisture in the rafter system and in the attic.

Water vapor that enters the attic must exit without obstacles through windows and special holes made in the roof ridge.

In houses where flat roofs and attics are used, there must be space with ventilation.

Roofing pie device

The veranda belongs to the category of extensions that are built for such purposes as evening tea, barbecue, billiard room and setting up a summer kitchen in a country house. All this suggests that on the veranda there will always be water vapor from food and people, and, due to its closed nature, the temperature will always be higher than outside. This means that you cannot build a simple roof without the necessary insulation from vapors and condensation.

On the other hand, for pitched roofs the arsenal of roofing coatings is much more open, while for the same flat roofs one often has to limit oneself to rolled materials or liquid rubber. Therefore, if your veranda is open, like a terrace, and you don’t plan to cover it with the same as on the house, seriously consider modern rolled materials - these perfectly protect the interior space of the veranda from precipitation and do not require additional roofing layers:

In other cases, you will need reliable waterproofing. This film or the membrane does not allow moisture to enter the insulation, and we will definitely use insulation in the gable roof of the veranda.

Next, under the waterproofing film, if you look from top to bottom, the insulation itself should be located. This can be mineral wool, glass wool, ecowool and any other modern insulation. The main thing is only to protect it from rain moisture and melt water, for which a film or membrane is spread over it:

But on the ceiling side of the veranda, the insulation also needs to be protected from moisture. We are talking about a vapor barrier film. This insulation is designed to withstand, as far as possible, invisible water vapor rising upward, which can cause a lot of damage to the insulation.

As a vapor barrier, we do not recommend that you use unusual inexpensive films that protect the insulation by only 50-70%, but modern dense membranes. You don’t want to completely go through the rotten gable roof of the veranda in 2-3 years, do you?

In addition, if according to the plan there will be something like tea and coffee on your veranda, then take a waterproofing film that is anti-condensation and must be breathable, with special drainage holes. Such, if moisture does penetrate into the insulation (and it will, for example, a high-quality vapor barrier film can withstand water vapor up to 90%, and yet there is this 10% that penetrates the vapor barrier), then it will bring these droplets out through itself, where they will be picked up by the ventilation flow.

This is how we smoothly approached the issue of gable roof ventilation:

Types of gable roof rafter frame

A gable roof is a structure in which two rectangular planes, called slopes, are installed at a given angle to the walls, and the triangular parts of the building act as gables.

A roof with two slopes is the most common design, which blends perfectly with any landscape and perfectly protects from bad weather.

For roofs with two slopes there is a huge variety of architectural and technological solutions

Video: rafter system of a gable mansard roof

But recently, thanks to designer imagination and modern roofing materials, private houses are increasingly being crowned with unusual gable structures, which become the highlight of the exterior, attracting the eye with their originality and beauty.

Gable roofs with an unusual rafter structure are distinguished by their original appearance, but this shape reduces the usable area of ​​the attic space

However, such extravagant types of roofs often reduce the usable area of ​​​​the roof space, therefore, when planning a gable structure, it is still advisable to combine your preferences with expediency.

Regardless of the configuration, the rafter system must fulfill its main purpose - to accept all loads and evenly transfer them through the supports to the walls and foundation

According to its structure, the supporting system of a gable roof is divided into two types.

The layered rafter system is most often installed when it is necessary to span spans up to 7 m long in buildings with internal main walls

By the way! It will be interesting to know: This site is blocked

It is not necessary to lay a mauerlat under a hanging rafter frame; it is enough to place a board on the waterproofing layer to level the surface and increase the support area for rafters or trusses

Often, in addition to the main types, a combined rafter system is used, which includes individual links of both structures.

The combined rafter system simultaneously uses the characteristic elements of layered and hanging structures

According to the material, the rafter system of a pitched roof can be:

• wooden, most often from coniferous wood with a moisture content of no more than 20–22%;
• metal, consisting of trusses and purlins;

The rafter system of a gable roof is made primarily of wood, however, in climatic regions with high humidity, it is recommended to install metal or combined rafter frames

Reinforced concrete trusses are load-bearing structures of increased strength that cover large spans

If you decide to build a roof on your own, then you need to start by forming a sketch and understanding the features of the gable structure as a whole and each of its elements separately.

The construction of a gable roof should begin with making a sketch with the main dimensions of the building on it.

Video: basic concepts about the gable roof truss system

Modern options and photos

Various forms of stingrays can be grouped into individual species:

• single-pitched;
• gable;
• hip;
• half-hip;
• tent;
• multi-pincer;
• broken;
• domed and conical.

Single-pitch

This is the simplest and most inexpensive option for a pitched roof. The roof is a plane inclined to one side. Typically, such a structure, which completes the top of a building, is used in the construction of workshops, garages, sheds and cottages. It should be noted that sometimes architects use this type of roofing structure in original designs of private houses.

Gable

Gable roofs are widely found in villages, urban settlements and suburbs of megacities. The roof consists of two slopes resting at the top on a ridge beam. The ends of the attic are covered with gables - a continuation of the facade walls. As a rule, a spacious room is formed under the slopes, which can be a cold attic or attic.

Hip

Four-slope hip varieties differ from the model described above in that the place of the fronts is taken by triangular-shaped slopes (hips), and the other two parts are trapezoidal slopes . All 4 elements rest on the ridge girder. Hip roofs have several subtypes, including the three-pitched version.

The 4-slope rafter system is more complex than the supporting frame of the 2-slope structure, but it has an increased load-bearing capacity. Hip roofs can withstand hurricane-force wind loads without accumulating large volumes of snow on their surface in winter.

Half-hip

They differ from the previous roof in that the hips are shortened at the bottom . Thanks to this feature, in attics it becomes possible to install windows in the gables, rather than cutting them into the roof.

Otherwise, the upper part of the hip is “cut off”, forming triangular pediments under the roof. They make it possible to embed window openings into them, which are called “dormer windows”.

Tent

If four hips are combined with a ridge knot, they will form a tent. Typically, such roofs are erected on buildings whose outer walls are square in plan.

If this is a regular polygon, then the number of hips will be equal to the number of faces of this geometric figure.

The original solution for the upper fence of the house attracts developers with its simplicity and aesthetic appearance.

Multi-pincer

Multi-gable structures are a set of gable roofs with numerous intersections of slopes, forming a large number of internal angles - valleys and pediments. Such buildings are considered the most complex roofing structures .

Completing the upper part of houses with multi-gable roofs gives a private house a unique individuality of special beauty.

Broken

Attic houses include sloping roofs. Two slopes have a kink, dividing them into two planes with different angles of inclination, which makes it possible to obtain a large space under the roof. This is one of the opportunities to almost double the living space of your home.

Dome and conical

Domed upper ceilings are most often erected for exhibition complexes , food and clothing markets. They act as roofs for hangars, boathouses and other structures. Domes can also be found on residential buildings.

Conical roofs can be found on separate towers or round extensions to the main building. If they form a polygon in plan, then the conical surface will consist of several hips.

How to calculate the rafter system of a gable roof

The main parameters for calculating the rafter system will be the following values.

When calculating the rafter system, it is necessary to use a snow load map, from which it is easy to determine the region number and correctly calculate the snow load in winter

Correct calculation of wind loads using a map eliminates errors when constructing a gable structure

Table: k coefficient value for different types of terrain

The value of the standard wind pressure Wo for climatic regions is given by the table given in paragraph 6.5 of SNiP 2.01.07–85.

Table: standard wind pressure by region

To determine the standard snow load, the table from clause 5.2 of the same document is used.

Table: values ​​of standard snow loads by regions of Russia

Calculation of loads on the rafter system

To make the calculation procedure more clear, let’s look at its stages using a specific example. Let's assume that:

When all layers of the roofing pie are laid on top of the rafters, the wooden structure remains visible inside the room and performs an additional decorative function

We calculate the loads on the rafter system.

The tangent of the slope angle is defined as the ratio of the roof height to half the span. This means tan α = N / D = 2.8 / 3.25 = 0.861. Using the table of tangents, we find the value of the roof inclination angle, which in our example is 41°.

For the convenience of carrying out calculations of the truss structure, you should use drawings with the main dimensions marked on them

To accurately calculate the thickness of the insulation, you need to use the thermal conductivity map by region included in SNiP II-3–79

Creating a frame pediment

Before you begin decorating the gable, you need to arrange the sheathing and lay the finishing roof covering.

When forming the sheathing, the type of future roofing is taken into account. It is made from edged boards 25 millimeters thick. Lathing happens:

1. Solid - boards are packed at a distance of 2–4 centimeters from one another. Used when using tiles or soft roofing.
2. Sparse - the distance between the boards is 15–25 centimeters. This sheathing is installed under metal tiles, corrugated sheets, slate and other similar materials.
3. Rare - the distance between the boards is from 0.6 to 1.2 meters. Used when the length of the covering sheets is equal to the length of the slope with an overhang. This coating is made only to order.

The sheathing should be brought out beyond the gable rafters to create an overhang.

A frame is mounted on the front trusses for fastening the front finishing material

Roofing installation

Before laying the sheathing, the roof is insulated and a moisture-proof layer is laid. Further:

1. The roof covering is being laid. The installation sequence is from bottom to top in order. The straightness of the first row is controlled by a stretched cord.
2. Roofing sheets are fastened with self-tapping screws using shock-absorbing gaskets.

When installing the final roof covering, you cannot skimp on fasteners; the protective layer must be durable and able to withstand wind and snow loads.

Sheets of metal tiles are laid from bottom to top, starting from the corner of the roof

Installation of gables

The sheathing of frame gables is done based on the characteristics of the material intended for the front finishing. The following products can be used for this:

1. Lining.
2. Block house.

   
   After finishing with a block house, the house becomes like a log house made of rounded logs

3. Board materials such as waterproof plywood, OSB, flat slate, cement-bonded particle board, etc.
4. Vinyl or metal siding, as well as other finishing materials.

After installing the sheathing, it is necessary to lay a moisture barrier made of polyethylene film 200 microns thick. It can be secured with construction staples. This work is done outside. Using the film, you can sheathe the outer surface with the selected finishing material.

The gables must be insulated with roll or tile insulation. The thickness of the protective layer must be at least 10 cm, and for areas with cold climates - at least 15 cm. An internal moisture-proof layer of film is stretched over the insulation.

A lathing for the front finishing is placed on top of it, for which bars measuring 50x50 millimeters are used. The entire building is finished at the same time, after the roof is insulated.

During the process of facing the pediment, windows are installed, if they are provided for in the project, and in some cases, doors.

The pediment of a wooden house with a gable roof is most often finished with clapboard

The best designs of houses with pitched roofs

The MariSrub company offers individual and standard designs of wooden houses with a gable asymmetrical, asymmetrical or sloping roof. The company's architect will select the most suitable angle of inclination, shape and roofing material so that the house becomes functional and looks harmonious. The specialist will make the necessary calculations taking into account the climate of the region and the design of the building. Under the roof there will be attic spaces and comfortable living rooms. We offer popular projects with pitched roofs.

Baikal is a cottage with an attic, a balcony and a terrace. This is a suitable solution for people who value comfort and functionality. The area of ​​123 square meters includes a spacious kitchen-living room, three bedrooms and two bathrooms. In addition, the project includes a storage room and a separate boiler room.

The protruding part of the pitched roof completely covers a small terrace and a neat balcony. The balcony gives the building elegance and originality. It will increase the area and can be used as a place to relax. In addition, it is convenient to store and dry things on the balcony. And it’s comfortable to relax on the veranda.

Olympus is a spacious cottage with a pitched roof. This house is suitable for a large family and for those who like to receive guests. It includes three bedrooms, a kitchen and living room, a spacious office and two bathrooms. A feature of this project is a huge corner terrace with an area of ​​over 30 square meters, a compact cozy balcony and a large loggia. The pitched roof covers both the terrace and the balconies and looks impressive and unusual.

Forest Tale 3 is a popular project among MariSrub customers, which has undergone several changes. This option differs from the previous ones by the presence of a second light and the absence of a ceiling in the living room between the second and first floors. This makes the interior space airy and light. There is a lot of light in the house. The building has an elegant and bright appearance, which is achieved due to the original gable roof and bay window between the terrace and the main part of the house.

The bay window is a multifaceted protrusion with windows in the wall of the building. Protruding beyond the boundaries of the façade, it increases the interior space and lighting inside the cottage. Under the pitched roof there is the main part of the house and a cozy square terrace. The cottage has an area of ​​132 square meters and contains a living room and a kitchen-dining room, three bedrooms and two bathrooms. The main entrance to the house is through the terrace, and there is another entrance from the rear facade of the building.

Clover - a house with an area of ​​130 square meters includes a kitchen-dining room and living room, three bedrooms and a bathroom, and a cozy terrace. Despite the fairly large area, the structure does not look bulky. The specific features of the project were the elegant pitched roof and dormer window. Such a window makes the cottage original and performs a number of useful functions. It is used to ventilate the attic space and will become an additional source of light.

Choose the option you like on the website https://marisrub.ru/proekts, and the architect will make changes to the project according to the client’s wishes and the characteristics of the land plot. We will develop any layout! The house may include a wardrobe, an office, bedrooms, a swimming pool and other rooms. If you don’t like any of the finished projects, we offer custom design.

We create a project for free when you order turnkey construction! We provide a full range of services in the field of construction and finishing of a country house. We assemble and install the log house, install and connect utility networks. We will select the required type of roof and foundation, the necessary materials and carry out the installation. We produce our own lumber for the project! Our own production is a guarantee of the quality of lumber and low prices for construction, because we work without intermediaries.

Transparent pitched roof

The use of transparent roofing materials solves several problems at once. The developer receives a reliable roof over the utility block, which meets all standards. And at the same time it solves the problem with room lighting during the daytime.

The material can be any polycarbonate. Monolithic, profiled or cellular. Fiberglass or profiled PVC is also suitable. Naturally, the material must be transparent.

The advantages of a transparent roof over an outbuilding are significant:

• In this case there is much more natural light.
• The material allows solar heat to pass through but protects against ultraviolet radiation.
• You can build blank walls without windows.

The latter circumstance allows for more productive use of the entire usable area of ​​the room. After all, there are often dead zones near the windows, and this is not practical for outbuildings. And the large lighting area allows you not to use electricity until late in the evening.

Transparent roof Source legkovmeste.ru

Roof installation is greatly simplified when using polycarbonate. The roofing pie does not require either waterproofing or sheathing. The material is attached directly to the rafters.

Two significant disadvantages can be identified. Such a design will not be able to retain heat in the room for a long time. Therefore, the option is more suitable for regions with mild climates. The surface also requires regular maintenance. Otherwise, the illumination of the room will drop significantly.

Basic principles for choosing a roof

When giving preference to one or another option, the following characteristics should be taken into account:

• stability in the presence of wind loads and precipitation ;
• life and safety ;
• simplicity (or complexity) of installation work;
• price characteristics, by incorporating a model configuration into the project, you can spend up to 25-30% of the total construction cost;
• external aesthetics of the general appearance and compliance with the intended style.

The proven reliability of the gable structure allows its use both in permanent structures and in small architectural formats - bathhouses, gazebos, camping structures.