Technology for building a basement in a garage: nuances and stages of construction + photos

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The ground floor of the building (hereinafter referred to as CEZ) differs from the basement, but not much. It is also called a semi-basement. The difference is that the CEZ can be buried by no more than half its height (it rises no more than 200 cm above ground level), and the basement can be buried by any amount, from 50% to 100% (full burial). If the height of the basement or CEZ is less than 180 cm, then this is a technical floor.

For these premises, it is mandatory to provide autonomous access directly to the street via a staircase at least 90 cm wide. It is necessary to equip openings - pits (recesses adjacent to the wall of the central economic zone or basement) with windows that allow the penetration of sunlight or daylight.

This article is devoted to the use of these premises for commercial purposes.

Garage can be installed in the basement

Step-by-step instructions for building a cellar

It is necessary to indicate that a cellar in a garage is a full-fledged building with a floor, walls and ceiling. It can be erected at the stage of construction of the garage or in an already used premises. Depending on the situation, the construction technology will be different.

The structure was filed in a garage under construction

This is an economical option because the garage foundation will serve as the walls of the cellar. Therefore, first of all, markings for the garage building are applied on the site. Pegs are driven into the corners of the building and tied with twine. Here we must take into account the fact that the outer sides of the foundation structure must be waterproofed. Therefore, the pit is dug 1 m more from the length and width of the garage. For example, if the building parameters are 3x6 m, then the pit should be 4x7 m in size. That is, half a meter remains on each side, which is enough to carry out waterproofing work.

The next stage is excavation work. In this case, you can use heavy equipment in the form of an excavator. The absence of walls in the building allows this to be done. The main thing after the work of the equipment is to work on the bottom and walls of the pit with shovels. This is what workers should do. The bottom is leveled horizontally as much as possible, the walls vertically.

Pit for the basement Source kak-peresadit.ru

A few words about the depth of the basement. Everything will depend on the depth of groundwater at the construction site. It is not recommended to go lower. If the groundwater depth is high, then complex waterproofing will have to be carried out. And this is a big financial investment. The second option is to raise the floor base and make the entrance to the garage on a slope.

Basement bottom

So, further according to the construction technology, I filed it in the garage.

1. A cushion of a layer of sand 30 cm thick and a layer of crushed stone 10-15 cm thick is poured onto the bottom.
2. Roofing felt is laid in two layers. Each layer in perpendicular directions. For example, the lower one along the building, the upper one across. The layers of roofing material are impregnated with each other with bitumen mastic or hot bitumen.
3. Concrete screed is poured.

We need to tell you a little more about the screed. Pure concrete is not used here. It will crack under stress. Therefore, a reinforcing frame made of steel reinforcement with a diameter of 10-12 mm is placed inside the screed. The reinforcing bars are assembled directly on the roofing felt in the form of a lattice with cells of 20x20 cm. They are tied together with knitting wire. Then the grate is lifted and placed on supports made of brick or metal profile (corner, pipes, etc.). According to the technology, the reinforced frame must be located inside the concrete base of the basement.

Concrete solution is poured. Its thickness is within 10-20 cm.

Preparing the cellar floor for pouring screed Source metasold.com

See also: Catalog of garage projects presented at the Low-Rise Country exhibition.

Foundation construction

The next stage is the construction of the foundation. Now everything will depend on what it is assembled from. The easiest way is to use a prefabricated structure made from foundation blocks, concrete wall blocks or bricks. Monolithic structures are stronger, but their construction is expensive. In addition, it will take a lot of time, and this option is more difficult in terms of labor costs. Because to pour a concrete solution, you need to build a formwork, install a reinforced frame in it, pour concrete inside, and then wait 28 days for the solution to gain its original strength.

As for piece blocks or bricks, the main task of the work manufacturer is laying with a sling, when the elements of the top row are laid with an offset of half a block relative to the elements of the first row.

Foundation made of concrete blocks Source pogreb-podval.ru

Floor construction

As soon as the foundation is raised to the height of the cellar, you need to think about how the ceiling will be constructed. The simplest option is to lay six-hollow slabs. By the way, in typical projects of a garage with a basement this option is used. Therefore, there is no need to invent a new bicycle design. Use slabs. However, to install them you will have to use the services of a crane, which will increase the cost of the structure. But ready-made floor slabs are a quick and reliable way. Moreover, manufacturers offer products with a minimum length of 3 m. So, choosing the required model that will fit exactly on the foundation walls is not difficult.

Six-hollow slabs as a ceiling for a garage basement Source emupauto.ru

A more complex option is a monolithic slab. The technology of its construction is similar to the construction of a monolithic strip foundation. Formwork is assembled under the slab. Essentially, these are durable sheet materials (corrugated sheets, plywood, OSB boards, sheet iron, etc.), which are laid with their edges on the walls of the foundation, and supports with lags (transverse or longitudinal) are evenly installed under them. After that, a box is assembled from the boards, which will form the thickness of the fill. Its dimensions are equal to the dimensions of the foundation.

1. The box is installed on the constructed base.
2. A reinforcing frame made of reinforcement is placed inside on supports.
3. Pour concrete solution to the level of the box.
4. After 7 days the box is dismantled, after 28 days the floor can be used.

A few recommendations: the thickness of the monolithic floor slab is at least 15 cm, the diameter of the reinforcement used is within 10-12 mm.

Monolithically poured floor slab Source emupauto.ru

See also: Catalog of companies that specialize in the design and construction of small architectural forms.

Please note that when constructing a floor, care must be taken to leave an opening for descent into the basement. When pouring a monolithic structure inside the box, another rectangular box of smaller dimensions corresponding to the dimensions of the opening is placed in the required place. Its interior is not filled with concrete. After removing the formwork, an opening is cut out in the laid sheet materials, the ends of which are subsequently secured, for example, with a bandage made from a metal corner.

When using ready-made floor slabs, one of them is not installed at the location of the opening to the basement. Here a monolithic structure is poured with the installation of formwork and the formation of an opening.

Drawing up the right project

Before setting up an underground garage, a project is developed to determine the location and optimal size of the garage.

Location

First, determine where the vehicle storage room will be located. Experienced experts advise placing it in a private house, on the ground floor, which is recessed underground. It is convenient to use such underground garages in the summer, as they have a cool temperature.

However, for motorists who often repair cars, semi-basements are not suitable. It will not be possible to make a deep hole in them to repair the car’s suspension and its underbody. Therefore, above-ground garages are more suitable for auto mechanics.

Dimensions

When drawing up a project, the dimensions of the future garage space are determined. There are several factors that are taken into account when calculating the dimensions of a structure. The main one is the size of the private house under which the garage is located.

You also need to take into account the number of cars that will be stored in it. To store one vehicle, the length must be six meters, the width must be four meters and the height must be two meters.

Video description

Stages of building a basement in a garage in the video:

External foundation waterproofing

This is the easiest stage. The foundation walls are treated with bitumen mastic or hot bitumen. The main thing is not to miss more than one section. The treatment is carried out evenly, preferably in two layers. After the waterproofing has dried, the ditch between the foundation and the ground is filled up.

External waterproofing Source he-nn.ru

Construction of a basement in a used garage

The complexity of this technology lies in the fact that the foundation of the garage is laid at a shallow depth, since the building belongs to the “light” category. Therefore, you need to dig a foundation pit for the basement carefully so that the foundation walls do not collapse and the garage itself does not collapse.

If the soil under the garage is clayey, then you can safely dig a pit, retreating 30-50 cm from the walls. If the soil is sandy, then the digging technology will be completely different.

1. Along the far short wall, stepping back half a meter, they dig a trench with shovels to the depth of the cellar. The width of the trench is 0.5 m.
2. Fill the pillow and fill the screed.
3. Raise the basement wall from concrete blocks or bricks.
4. Dig a trench near the long longitudinal wall of the garage.
5. They fill in the pillow, fill in the screed and raise the wall.
6. The same is done with the opposite wall.
7. The last thing is the construction of the wall closest to the entrance.
8. The soil remaining inside the basement walls is removed.

All that remains is to level the bottom of the pit by pouring a pillow into it and filling it with screed.

Construction of a cellar in a built garage Source betonzavod-info.com

Pros and cons of space under the house

Like all types of garages, basement structures have their advantages and disadvantages. It is necessary to familiarize yourself with them in advance to understand whether it is worth building a garage in the basement under the house.

The advantages of basement-type buildings include the following:

• Compactness. A building with a garage located underground looks much more compact, since there are no extensions near it.
• Space saving. The garage, located on the ground floor, helps to save free space on the plot. Therefore, underground premises are popular among owners of summer cottages with a small area.
• Protection from the cold. Many people believe that basement buildings are the coldest, but this is not true. Their base is located much lower than where the soil freezes, and therefore the premises are protected from cold and temperature changes.

These buildings also have several disadvantages that every person should become familiar with before arranging garages under the house. These include:

• Difficulty in carrying out construction work. Building an underground car garage on your own is not easy, since to create it you will have to dig a deep pit.
• High humidity levels. A serious problem and main disadvantage is dampness. To get rid of it, you will have to carry out waterproofing work using high-quality building materials.

Ready-made basement structures

All of the above work is complex and costs a lot of money. Today you can purchase a ready-made plastic cellar for your garage. It is made from low-density polyethylene or polypropylene. Production method: welding of individual elements or molding of finished cellars.

The advantages of plastic structures are obvious:

• complete tightness, which guarantees protection of the internal space from the penetration of moisture or groundwater;
• a wide range of models allows you to choose the size of your garage;
• ease of installation - it takes one day along with digging a pit;
• the lightness of the design does not require the presence of heavy equipment at the construction site;
• high strength of the structure;
• Fully equipped in terms of hatch and ventilation;
• reasonable price, for example, a plastic cellar made by welding, measuring 1.6x1.6x2.4 m costs 100,000 rubles.

Plastic cellar Source en.decorexpro.com

Construction of a garage under the house

Work on arranging a garage is carried out at the stage of constructing the foundation of a residential building. To begin with, excavation work is carried out, during which a pit 3-5 meters deep is dug. The bottom of the dug hole is covered with concrete slabs and filled with cement mortar.

Having finished with the ground work, they begin the construction of the garage building:

• Walling. When creating the walls, strong reinforced concrete slabs are used, with the help of which they create a sufficient height of the ceilings. A horizontal ceiling is installed across the walls, which will serve as the ceiling of the garage space and the floor covering of the residential floor of the house.
• Wall covering. The inside of the walls is treated with plaster and covered with waterproofing materials to protect against high humidity.
• Gate installation. The last stage of creating a car garage is the installation of the gate. Most often, sectional doors are installed, consisting of several horizontal panels. They are equipped with an automatic mechanism that is responsible for their functioning.

Ventilation

Technical rooms must have a ventilation system responsible for air circulation. When organizing ventilation, an vent with a special filter grid is installed in one of the walls. Experts also advise installing a vertical channel, which should be located near the ridge of the roof. This will greatly increase the efficiency of ventilation.

If necessary, install ventilation systems equipped with fans. They will not only normalize the air flow, but will also clean the garage of exhaust gas.

Waterproofing

Among the effective methods of waterproofing are the use of plaster compounds. They will cover all microcracks in the walls through which moisture can penetrate. Plastering surfaces is carried out in several successive stages:

• cleaning the walls from dust, dirt and other debris;
• drying the walls using a hair dryer;
• covering cracks with cement mortar;
• plastering the surface.

Basement with inspection hole

An inspection hole in a garage is a more necessary object than a basement. Therefore, many owners try to give preference to the pit. But there are projects for garages with basements and inspection pits. If you approach certain issues correctly, you can get both in the garage.

Pay attention to the photo below. Here you can clearly see how both elements can be combined in one garage. This is the best option, where the entrance to the cellar is formed from an inspection hole. But first of all, you need to decide on the size of the basement. The same photo shows that the cellar occupies an area closer to the far wall of the garage building.

As for construction, in this case the same technologies described above are used. Only the ceiling is filled with a monolith.

Inspection pit and basement in the garage Source sense-life.com

The legislative framework

Not every commercial enterprise can be located in the CEZ of both a multi-storey building and a private building; restrictions are imposed on some types. Thus, it is prohibited by law to locate production if the activity results in the formation of toxic waste (garage-type parking lots), other emissions into the atmosphere (bathhouse in the basement), as well as to engage in illegal activities.

Otherwise, everything can be placed in the CEZ of a privately owned house. But in buildings of other types of property, including multi-storey and multi-apartment buildings, there are restrictions on certain types of commercial activities. In addition, it is mandatory to obtain the consent of residents and relevant officials.

For example, if a bar, cafe or similar establishment is open (with a basement used for a kitchen), then its operating schedule is limited to fifteen hours (from 8 a.m. to 11 p.m.). Less is possible - no more is possible, as is shifting your work schedule. There cannot be more than 50 visitors in this establishment at the same time, and the volume of music should not exceed the relevant standards.

Strict limits on music volume, unpleasant odors and emissions into the atmosphere, as well as a number of other parameters prevent obtaining permission to place in residential buildings:

• nightclubs and similar types of “noisy” establishments (cafes, variety attractions, etc.);
• polyclinics (clinics and outpatient clinics);
• laundries, dry cleaners (permissible if only their collection points are located in the CEZ);
• saunas or swimming pool in the basement;
• funeral services bureau;
• various types of warehouses - both wholesale and small wholesale.

A number of other organizations are also subject to the ban, an integral part of whose business turnover includes the systematic entry and exit of trucks, refrigerators, and so on directly at home.

How to make a concrete garage basement floor

Why is it necessary to concrete the floor?

This question can be answered perfectly by the characteristics that high-quality concrete floors have:

• These are, first of all, fire safety, moisture resistance, strength, impact resistance, and tightness.
• In addition, such a floor will not require large costs for labor and materials.
• The hygiene of these floors is undoubtedly another advantage, especially for residential premises, since they do not harbor insects and other parasites.
• Their price will not be high and all the work can be done with your own hands. This way you will avoid additional costs.
• A garage basement with a concrete floor can be lined with a variety of materials after the job is completed. Moreover, you can make a rather attractive design.

The cost of constructing a building with a garage in the basement

Many people are interested in how much the construction of such a building will cost.

It all depends on many components, because the construction process includes:

• preparatory work on the site;
• design work;
• purchase of construction materials;
• construction of the entire structure;
• building area;
• Finishing work;
• construction services.

Project option

To ensure that your home and garage are as strong as possible, do not try to skimp on the work of experienced specialists - the strength and durability of any structure largely depends on the qualifications and abilities of the workers.