Gas burner for a stove: operating principle of stove burners, types, how to choose

The burner of a gas boiler converts the chemical energy of the fuel into the thermal energy of water, which is supplied to the heating and hot water supply system of the house. Gas burners for heating stoves are installed in special devices called boilers. The correct choice of burner device will ensure not only a comfortable living environment in the house, but also its safety.

Modernization of heating equipment

You cannot objectively judge the quality of the purchased injector.
Do not disassemble the finished product in search of possible defects. So there is a chance to damage rather than check an expensive device. By assembling each element of the burner yourself, you will receive not only pleasant satisfaction from the work done, but also savings. At the same time, the operation and repair of gas bath equipment will become safe and conscious.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QvYJGR89Uhw

The heating gas unit is a sauna stove body with a gas supply device located in it. Here are the main elements of the control mechanism with which the fuel supply is regulated.

The burner heats the air in the firebox. The thermal energy of the nozzle is transferred through the body to the tray with stones

The advantages of heating water and sauna stones with a gas burner include:

Simplicity of the workflow. To heat up, just turn the valve and ignite the gas in the burner. In an hour, the steam room of the bathhouse will be sufficiently heated.
Environmentally friendly. During operation of a gas device, harmful emissions during gas combustion have the smallest volume compared to other types of fuel.
Ease of maintenance of the burner and the stove itself. There is no need to deal with soot from walls and remove waste, as with coal or firewood.

You can equip the oven with special sensors that are triggered at a critically low exhaust speed. In this case, the gas supply is automatically turned off.

Inexpensive fuel from a gasified stove allows you to not limit the number of bath procedures. Even with daily heating of the bathhouse, maintaining cleanliness becomes very easy

Such a disadvantage of a homemade burner, such as additional registration of technical permits, pays off due to high productivity. Using a gas injector will save 30% costs compared to solid fuels. Heating a sauna with gas is two times cheaper than using an electric boiler.

Before you begin assembling the burner parts, it is better to have a drawn diagram on hand for convenience.

Self-production technology provides for the following sequence:

the base of the device, the nozzle, is made using a grinder;
the fuel dispenser is assembled from a valve and a steel cap screwed onto it;
a cap is welded to the nozzle, then a piezoelectric element is installed.

Any home craftsman can install a homemade atmospheric gas burner for a sauna stove. So, without any special costs, a solid fuel boiler can be converted into a gas one.

Equipping an existing solid fuel stove in a sauna with a factory-made gas burner unit will require some adjustment. You will be faced with the need to modify the dimensions of both the burner and the combustion chamber of the wood-burning stove.

Converting a solid fuel sauna stove into a combined gas and wood stove is within your power, but it will require precision and some effort. Do not allow the flame to come into contact with the walls of the firebox

To heat the combustion chamber evenly, the burner should be positioned closer to the bottom of the stove and strictly in the center. It is unacceptable to place the source high and offset in any direction. In this case, the camera will not warm up completely. And the flame from the burner can touch metal parts or the heater of the sauna stove.

GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

1.1. An employee who is at least 18 years old, who has undergone a medical examination and has no contraindications for health reasons, who has the necessary theoretical and practical training, who has completed introductory and initial workplace safety briefings and training according to a special program, and who is certified, is allowed to perform work using a gas burner. qualification commission and received permission to work independently. 1.2. An employee who performs work using a gas burner (hereinafter referred to as the employee) must periodically, at least once a year, undergo training and testing of knowledge of labor protection requirements and receive permission to perform high-risk work. 1.3. An employee, regardless of qualifications and work experience, must undergo repeated training on labor protection at least once every three months; If an employee violates labor safety requirements, as well as during a break in work for more than 30 calendar days, he must undergo an unscheduled briefing. 1.4. An employee who has not undergone timely instructions and testing of knowledge of labor protection requirements is not allowed to work independently. 1.5. An employee performing work using a gas burner, who is allowed to work independently, must know: safety measures when using gas cylinders and burners. Rules, regulations and instructions for labor protection and fire safety. Rules for the use of primary fire extinguishing agents. Methods of providing first aid in case of accidents. Internal labor regulations of the organization. 1.6. An employee sent to participate in work unusual for his profession must undergo targeted training on the safe performance of the upcoming work. 1.7. An employee is prohibited from using tools, devices and equipment that he has not been trained in the safe handling of. 1.8. When performing work using a gas burner, an employee may be exposed mainly to the following dangerous and harmful production factors: - the possibility of a fire when using a gas burner; — the possibility of a gas cylinder explosion; — gas burner surfaces heated to high temperatures; - uncomfortable working position. 1.9. An employee performing work using a gas burner must be aware that during work, the most likely cause of injury may be burns from the open flame of a gas burner. 1.10. To protect against the effects of dangerous and harmful production factors, the employee must use special clothing, safety shoes and other personal protective equipment. 1.11. To prevent the possibility of a fire, the employee must comply with fire safety requirements himself and prevent other employees from violating these requirements; Smoking is permitted only in designated areas. 1.12. The employee is obliged to comply with labor and production discipline, internal labor regulations; It should be remembered that drinking alcohol usually leads to accidents. 1.13. If an accident occurs with one of the employees, the victim must be given first aid, report the incident to the manager and maintain the situation of the incident, if this does not create a danger to others. 1.14. The employee, if necessary, must be able to provide first aid and use a first aid kit. 1.15. To prevent the possibility of illness, employees should observe personal hygiene rules, including thoroughly washing their hands with soap before eating. 1.16. It is not allowed to perform work while intoxicated or in a state caused by the consumption of narcotic drugs, psychotropic, toxic or other intoxicating substances, as well as drink alcoholic beverages, use narcotic drugs, psychotropic, toxic or other intoxicating substances at the workplace or during work. time. 1.17. An employee who violates or fails to comply with the requirements of labor safety instructions is considered a violator of industrial discipline and may be subject to disciplinary liability, and, depending on the consequences, to criminal liability; if the violation is associated with causing material damage, then the perpetrator may be held financially liable in the prescribed manner.

Atmospheric and forced-air burner

The atmospheric burner is distinguished by its simplicity of design. The air needed to form the mixture is taken from the room where the stove is located through natural means. For the system to function, a complex automatic component is not required. The burner is non-volatile. The diagram is in the photo below.

The disadvantages of atmospheric burners include only compliance with air circulation requirements, namely, the presence of a sufficient amount of oxygen in it. New models are already equipped with special sensors that stop the supply of the gas component if the oxygen level is too low.

For normal operation of a gas burner installation, good draft is necessary. Its power is low, so this type of burner is more suitable for small water heating columns. The combustion process depends on the height of the fuel pressure in the gas main and the rate of its combustion. An atmospheric burner is suitable for a sauna stove if the room has good ventilation and a square area of 12 m2 or more. In addition, it should only run on gas.

A block (or pressurized) gas burner is a more complex design that requires automatic control. Air is forced into the combustion chamber. To create the necessary pressure and regulate the pressure of the flame, a fan is used. Similar systems are installed for household stoves or bathhouses.

Air is pumped from the street. The design does not require significant oxygen control. The control unit provides complete control of the combustion process. In an emergency, the gas supply is stopped (pressure drop in the gas main, fire extinguishing, power supply cutoff).

For a home bath you will need a high-temperature burner with a power of 35-100 kW. If the stove is installed in a house, gas must be supplied at a pressure of 2 kPa through a half-inch pipe. This will give 115-350 kW. Calculations are made based on the proportion of 1 kW per 10 m 2. Pressurized gas burners can be combined or gas.

DIY instructions

Next, we will talk about several options for homemade propane burners that you can make with your own hands. In order to build a simple burner, you won’t need a lot of effort and skill, but creating the other two options will require you to work harder.

Option 1 - the simplest burner made from a piece of pipe

Building such a burner will require very little time and effort. But the process of creating a homemade product must be approached with all responsibility, because you will have to work with an explosive substance and any error in the design of the device can lead to dire consequences.

Using such a device, you can heat metal blanks for forging or warm them up before welding, and you can also repair bitumen roofing. The owner of a private house will definitely not find such a homemade product superfluous.

A properly made propane burner will last a long time. With its help you can perform many household tasks without using a number of expensive tools.

To make a homemade gas burner you will need the following tools and materials:

two pieces of pipe of different diameters;
union;
gas hose;
gearbox;
propane tank;
welding machine;
Bulgarian.

Having prepared all the tools and materials, you can begin assembling the propane burner. But before that, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the rules for safe work with an angle grinder.

As you can see, there is nothing complicated about assembling a gas burner yourself. Having studied the instructions and having the necessary set of tools and materials at hand, assembling the device will take no more than an hour.

Option 2 - powerful gas burner

We also suggest trying to assemble a more structurally complex, but also more powerful burner.

To build this option, you will need a little more tools and materials, but the result will not disappoint you.

Such a propane burner can be used, for example, for melting metal in a forge, for burning weeds in your own area, as well as for other purposes

So, to build a propane burner you will need to prepare the following materials:

connecting couplings – 1/2” and 1/4”;
threaded barrel – 1/2” and 1/8”;
plug with internal thread – 1/8”;
foot – 1/4”*1/8”;
nipple – 1/2”;
quick connector for low pressure gas equipment;
propane supply regulator – 0.068-0.34 atmospheres;
thread sealant;
a metal sheet;
self-tapping screws;
drills – 6.4 mm and 0.8 mm.

It is better to give preference to brass products. In addition, to construct a homemade product you will need the following set of tools: an adjustable wrench, a drill, a punch, solder and flux, a blowtorch.

Having prepared everything you need, you can begin assembling the device.

During work, do not forget that propane is an explosive gas, and any failure to comply with safety regulations can lead to irreversible consequences.

Therefore, before testing the device, it is necessary to check all connections for leaks. And only after making sure that there is no leak, you can start working with your homemade product.

Option 3 - miniature burner model

Let's look at another option for a gas burner that runs on propane. This miniature gas burner is often called a Bunsen burner.

The peculiarity of this device is that you can hold it freely in your hands without fear of getting burned. Let's try to assemble it with our own hands.

To work you will need:

Old gas burner.
Thin copper tube 10 meters.
Copper wire.
Needle from a medical syringe.
Bolt No. 8.

Having prepared all the necessary materials, you can begin to create our homemade product.

To do this, we will use the following instructions:

Now you know how to build a gas burner with your own hands and what you will need for this. As you can see, there is nothing complicated about this; it is enough to follow the rules for the safe operation of equipment, which we will discuss a little below.

DIY gas burner

Manufacturing does not require expensive components or complex tools. A camping gas burner or a simple soldering iron for the garage can be made in less than an hour if you have the necessary materials. Let us describe the main nuances that will be encountered in this work:

It is better to make the body and divider from steel.
As a basis, you can take a piece of pipe with a diameter of 40 mm.
We make a new fitting on the machine or adapt a part from an old fire extinguisher.
We select a smaller pipe for the inner part, cut off the blank and weld the fitting.
We weld the other side of the pipe and drill a hole for the propane outlet.
We select the diameter of the outlet hole experimentally, starting from 0.9 mm.
If there is not enough gas supply, the hole should be drilled.
We connect the gas burner only through a reducer.

Safety regulations

Frequently encountered dangerous malfunctions and methods of elimination according to safety rules:

flame failure is a moment during which the flame extinguished, but the gas supply did not stop. The solution is to turn off the gas supply and open the room in which the boiler is located for ventilation. During ventilation, it is strictly forbidden to use open fire, turn on and off electrical appliances, lighters, etc.;
decrease in the filling of the circulation circuit with water - occurs when there is a water leak. If a leak is detected, turn off the boiler, but under no circumstances start filling the circulation circuit. Wait until it cools down completely, find the leak, and fix it. After which you will have to fill the circulation circuit again;
the draft in the chimney has disappeared - stop the boiler, clean the chimney. Ventilate the room. When the draft resumes, return the boiler to operation;
The pilot light goes out - turn off the boiler, carry out the switching procedure according to the passport and the attached instructions.

What types of gas ovens are there?

Gas stoves are used to heat households and country houses, but such devices have gained the greatest popularity in the construction of bathhouses. Most often, for this case, they buy factory-made units that have a metal body. In this case, you need to choose the right model in terms of power and purpose, taking into account the operating conditions. Brick ovens are also being built.

Based on the method of generating heat, furnaces can be divided into two types:

Having a combustion chamber. The gas enters the heating chamber and, when burned, heats its walls.
Furnace with heat exchanger. In the designs of these heating units, gas enters a curved, heat-resistant steel tube, which acts as a heat exchanger.

In the second case, the furnaces are additionally equipped with a system of forced air supply and exhaust of combustion products.

Gas furnaces are distinguished by heat capacity. This indicator depends on the ability of the unit to accumulate heat.

According to this parameter, furnaces are divided into the following categories:

Constant burning stoves. They have thinner walls that cool quickly enough. However, there is a significant plus - they warm up the room just as quickly, releasing heat outside. In order to maintain a constant comfortable temperature in the room, the stove must be in the “on” mode. This is a typical country house option. You can come and immediately warm up.
Intermittent furnace. This is a massive heat-intensive structure that is capable of giving off heat even after the gas is turned off. In order to retain heat, the channels and combustion chamber are lined with clay bricks. It is very convenient to install such stoves in baths. They will warm up the stones in a short time and begin to give off heat for a long time. For heating households, this option is also more acceptable.

Stove gas burners, which are installed in the stove of a household or a country house, are similar to each other. Like a gas burner for a boiler, it has a combustion chamber (heat exchanger), a housing, a smoke exhaust system, channels for heated air and an automatic unit.

However, there is one obligatory part that has its own characteristics in each case - a gas burner for the stove. It is she who is responsible for the efficiency of the heating unit, power characteristics, economical fuel consumption, safe operation and other important parameters.

Single-stage atmospheric gas burners for a home stove are not difficult to use, they are easy to install in a heating unit. They don't need electrical power. This burner is placed on the front side, where the combustion door is located.

If a gas burner is considered from the point of view of the method of controlling thermal power, then all models can be divided into the following categories:

Single stage. In this case, gas supply (switching off) occurs automatically, based on a rheostat signal.
Two-stage. The burner has the design ability to switch to an economical mode. This process is regulated automatically.
Burners with floating adjustment. The burner power can be changed smoothly, from 10 to 100 percent.

Burners are divided according to the method of air supply:

Atmospheric. In this option, no electricity is needed; air flows to the burner under the natural action of draft. The efficiency is not very high, no more than 90 percent. This is a simple design: a pipe with holes into which fuel is supplied. It works in open combustion chambers. They can be quickly converted, if necessary, to use liquid fuel; the service life of such burners is very long. However, such burners impose increased safety requirements.
Supercharged. They are also called blower or fan burners. This is a rather complex design. Air is supplied to the burner by a fan; in this case, the combustion chamber is closed. Efficiency exceeds 95 percent. Stoves with such burners do not require bulky chimneys. At the same time, the furnace operates stably even at low gas pressure. However, they produce a lot of noise and are volatile.
Diffuse-kinetic. The air is partially pumped into the combustion chamber, the rest is supplied directly to the flame.

Kinds

Burners can be of different types. Let's look at the main ones.

Atmospheric

Such devices are quite cheap. The reason is obvious - their production is not too difficult technologically. The operation of atmospheric burners is also simple. Air is sucked directly from the surrounding space. The formation of a gas-air mixture does not require additional effort.

Supercharged

This option uses a fan that actively pumps air. Stabilization of air pressure (pressure) allows you to compensate for almost all negative external factors

What is important is that “fire separation”, which often occurs with atmospheric burners with a significant increase in pressure, is also excluded

The following evidence supports such devices:

stable operation under any conditions;
efficiency of 95% or more;
a fairly high level of safety (determined by the design);
almost complete combustion of fuel;
wide range of achieved powers;
excellent level of automation;
Possibility of use in furnaces and boilers of a wide variety of structural types.

It is worth noting that forced-air burners are much more expensive than their atmospheric counterparts. Even the most affordable models of this kind cost at least 4.5 times more. However, the main technical advantages fully justify such a fee. When the burner is operating with supercharging, noise of varying volumes may occur. Special protective covers will help to cope with this problem.

Such models are approximately twice as efficient as traditional flare designs. Some people even take tourist-type ceramic burners (for cylinders) and convert them into a boiler or stove. But you can do this only with complete confidence in your actions.

The most efficient devices of 2018

The most efficient certified boilers and gas burners this year:

Bosch Greenstar series. The boiler is small, very quiet, environmentally friendly and uses economical condensing technology providing an AFUE rating of 95%. Greenstar is available in two models - combi for spatial and point-less water heating or space heating, which can be used with domestic hot water tanks. It is equipped with a heat exchanger with a 5-year warranty.
Bradford White Brute Elite Series. The boiler with 95% efficiency has a condensing multi-pass stainless steel heat exchanger with an advanced modulation system. Innovative design features make Brute Elite easy to install in both new and existing heating systems.
Bradford White Brute Elite 125 Series. Customizable combi based heating only models are 95% efficient with a combi unit providing heating and hot water from one unit. Requires only one gas connection, one ventilation system and built-in expansion tank and boiler pump, and is easily accessible for repairs.
Buderus GB142 series. Condensing gas boiler. Using state-of-the-art condensing technology with 95% AFUE, the Boer Buderus GB142 wall-mounted condenser maximizes the heating value of every m3 of natural gas or liquefied propane.
Boiler Alpine Series. This is a natural or liquefied gas condensing hot water boiler with a stainless steel heat exchanger. Equipped with Sage2 boiler control system. 1 TM, which supports multiple firing speeds, is also equipped with an external reset and a touch interface.
Carrier BMW Performance Series. 95% AFUE. Stainless steel. The modulating condensing boiler is equipped with a unique vertically oriented stainless steel heat exchanger, 5 to 1 ratio, compact design with light weight, compact wall mounting, primary and secondary piping, with a 15-year warranty.

Having familiarized yourself with the design and operating principle of gas burners and popular models, you can easily choose exactly what suits your needs.

Practical recommendations

Gas heating installation schemes must be thought out to the smallest detail, so projects must be carried out by professionals.

One example of drawing up a professional heating system plan

When choosing equipment for gas heating, remember that the main indicator is the area of the heated room. The volume of equipment, the number of radiators, the footage of pipes, fittings, valves and valves, and plugs depend on it.

Experts recommend installing taps on each battery. Thanks to this, it will be possible to control the supply of hot water to a separate room of a private house. If you are using an expansion tank of 20 to 30 liters, then it should be installed at a height of 3 meters above the heating boiler.

How to choose?

What you need to pay attention to when choosing a burner device for a boiler:

- productive power - noise level during operation (applies to supercharged models) - type of heating equipment for which the burner is purchased - type of fuel - pros and cons of this device - provide for possible malfunctions in the operation of the local gas supply line.

Taking these factors into account, you can choose the most suitable burner device for your boiler so that it operates as efficiently as possible without the burden of frequent preventative maintenance.

General rules for installing a chimney for a stove

Another condition for the normal operation of a gas stove is the installation of a chimney. For gas-fired stoves, smoke channels must be vertical, without ledges. The design of the chimney of a wood-burning stove is often not suitable for the removal of gas combustion products.

The slope of the chimney is allowed, but not more than 30°, and provided that the cross-section of pipes on inclined sections is not less than the cross-section of pipes installed vertically

You can refurbish an old chimney by lining it. Upgrade options:

Installation of a stainless steel pipe in the chimney duct. In this case, the diameter and height of the pipe should be selected according to the characteristics of the chimney duct. The gap between the walls of the chimney and the pipe is filled with non-flammable heat-insulating material such as expanded clay or foam glass.
Application of FuranFlex technology. The method involves placing an elastic polymer tube inside the channel, which, under pressure, takes its shape and hardens. The protective layer serves to insulate, seal and internally protect the chimney.

If none of the chimney modification options work, you will have to install a new one. Depending on the location of the stove, two options for installing a chimney are possible: an external attached one or an internal one.

The influence of the characteristics of the chimney on the safety of heating is such that it will necessarily be checked by the Fire Inspection authorities with the subsequent issuance of a written certificate, without which the equipment will not be connected to gas networks.

Combustion process in a boiler

The chemical reaction inside the boiler is a combustion reaction between oxygen (O2) in the air and hydrocarbons (CHyOx) in the fuel, which release energy as heat. During the combustion process, water vapor (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are formed, the latter being especially dangerous in terms of air pollution and global warming.

Other combustion products of injector gas may also appear depending on the type of fuel and combustion conditions: oxides of nitrogen (NOx) or sulfur (SOx), which are responsible for acid rain. Carbon monoxide (CO), a dangerous toxic substance, can cause death if inhaled.

Correct adjustment of the device reduces the amount of harmful combustion products. CO2 emissions are reduced when the gas is completely burned. In order to reduce NOx emissions, it is recommended to use the correct combustion technology, which is ensured by the design of the burner device.

Equipment setup

Floor-standing gas boilers with an atmospheric burner can be configured independently. Pressurized systems are regulated by an automatic control unit and do not require additional configuration.

Scheme of actions for setting up single-stage equipment:

Install the device on the boiler.
Connect to the gas pipe.
Check for absolute tightness.
Remove the burner housing.
Using a pressure gauge, measure the gas pressure at the inlet.
Connect to electricity. Make sure that the jumpers and phases are connected correctly.
Place a gas analyzer in the chimney pipe.
Start the device.
Using a pressure gauge, take pressure readings at the outlet of the burner block. Pressure readings must correspond to the parameters indicated in the data sheet.
Adjust the air flow using the air damper.
The gas analyzer readings must also comply with all gas equipment installation standards.

Setting up gas equipment should be carried out by specialists. The simplest open-type boilers can be configured independently if you have certain skills and knowledge of the design of the burner unit. The efficiency of the boiler, its level of efficiency, and fuel consumption depend on the quality of the burner. It is possible to superficially determine that the equipment is malfunctioning by the changed burner flame.

A heating system where the main element is a gas stove is a common type of heating for private households and cottages. There are many things in favor of natural gas as a heat source: high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and the ability to make the heating process fully automated. The fuel itself is also the most inexpensive at present, unless, of course, you take into account wind energy and solar radiation. But these methods have not yet found wide demand due to the unaffordable price of the equipment.

The quality of gas heating depends on how efficiently the gas burner for the stove works.

Trouble-shooting

Having a boiler at home brings many advantages, but it also has a number of disadvantages, and the user does not always know what to do correctly. Boiler faults are common to many types. It is important to promptly determine the cause of these faults before calling emergency services. List of the most common and most likely faults.

First of all, if the boiler does not start, you need to check the circuit components:

network voltage;
faulty boiler fan switch or motor;
damaged boiler cables;
false triggering contacts of automation or commissioning equipment;
availability of water, whether the gas boiler is powered to the minimum required level specified by the equipment manufacturer.

If the boiler failure is not caused by any of these problems, the following procedure:

Pay attention to the noises made by the boiler, because they are often the first witnesses of destruction. They can also be due to hot water trapped inside the firebox or due to the presence of air in the heating system due to clogged air ducts.
Pipe rupture. It usually occurs due to problems with a jammed boiler feed valve, various scale-forming deposits in the boiler, or a malfunction of the condensate drainage systems.
Failures due to exceeding the pressure and temperature readings, their corresponding sensors can trigger, for example, due to a broken thermometer or, conversely, which is especially dangerous as a result of real overheating of the boiler.
The heating circuits are not working, possibly due to poor quality of feed water and scale formation in the boiler pipes.
A problem occurs with the burner (flame breaks, gas accumulation causes detonation and explosion).

Purpose and advantages of nozzles

Gas burners (or nozzles) are designed to operate the stove on gas. Like other similar devices, the nozzle mixes fuel - natural or liquefied gas with air. As a result, the temperature in the oven increases.

Most often, such gas products are installed in baths, where high temperatures are required for a long time. However, nothing prevents you from installing a nozzle in your home in order to save yourself from the usual methods of kindling. In addition, such products have a number of significant advantages:

Safety. Since such products work with explosive material, they are subject to strict requirements regarding reliability. You can verify this by reading the quality certificate.
Availability of automation. Most gas products are equipped with automatic temperature control, which provides not only economical fuel consumption, but also protection from overheating or explosion of the furnace.
Economical. As you know, gas is much cheaper than the cost of firewood, coal or electricity.
Variety of fuels used. Many devices can operate on natural or liquefied gas.
Ease of operation. The operation of gas devices for furnaces does not require any specific skills. In addition, some models can be operated from a special remote control.
Ergonomics. Storing coal, firewood or other flammable materials requires a lot of space. The supply of fuel to the injector comes from the gas column.

First start

Before starting the gas water heating boiler for the first time, it is necessary to check the correct installation and installation, in compliance with all instructions. The installed boiler must be inspected by a gas service inspector and sealed. After which you can begin preparing for the first launch. Before starting, the automation is configured with the required parameters set, following the operating instructions supplied with the boiler.

Filling the system with coolant

Step one is to fill the system with water or another coolant. The entire circulation circuit is checked for the presence or absence of “air” plugs in the system.

If present, air pockets must be vented by slowly releasing air through a special valve. Most often this is found on heating elements.

Etching should be carried out with caution, with the readiness to close the valve in time

Checking the supply lines

Step two is to check gas pipes, valves, and shut-off valves for leaks. The inspection is carried out by a gas service employee. But if you smell a specific gas smell, you can check it yourself before a specialist arrives and find the leak. For this, use a regular soap solution.

By applying it to welds, at the joints of pipes and shut-off valves, you can detect gas leaks.

Putting the boiler into operation

Step three is the direct start of the gas water heating boiler itself. Carry out strictly according to the attached instructions. If you can’t figure it out on your own, then it’s better to contact specialists who have access to this type of work.

Boiler shutdown

At the end of the heating season, if the boiler is not planned for use in the hot water supply system, then it must be turned off for a long period. To do this, follow a few simple steps:

turn off the gas supply, make sure that the burner in the boiler goes out completely;
turn off the power supply to automatic ignition and automation;
shut off the water supply to heating and water supply.

No special additional actions are required. Do not drain the entire coolant circulation system to avoid corrosion.

Choosing a gas burner: what should you pay attention to?

From the above review, it becomes clear that there is a wide variety of gas burners, both in design and in their area of use. The choice is very large and the question arises: how to choose a burner and not make a mistake?

If you decide to purchase a gas burner for a sauna stove, you should focus on several criteria and the main thing, of course, is power. The stove must be able to perform its direct function - to heat and maintain the set temperature in the steam room.

It is generally accepted that one kilowatt of power is needed per cubic meter of steam room. At first glance, it seems that there is nothing complicated about this. However, the approach only works in rooms with thermal insulation correctly performed according to all technical standards.

In fact, it turns out that there are areas in the bathhouse that allow heat to pass through. They also need to be taken into account. The window is one of the main sources of heat loss. For a square meter of a single-pane window, 3 kW of power is required and 1.5 kW for a double-glazed window.

Brick or tiled sections of the bathhouse will require an additional 1.2 kW to be added to the furnace power.

Log walls have a high heat capacity. A log bathhouse without internal thermal insulation will require an increase in power by one and a half times.

The result can be quite a lot of power. When choosing a burner, you need to focus on its technical characteristics. The resulting power value must be within the range of values specified in the passport.

Difficulties may also arise when choosing a heating system for your home. The market offers electric boilers, solid fuel and gas boilers, as well as GII infrared burners.

Each of the listed options has its own advantages and disadvantages. It is necessary to focus on the tasks that this equipment must perform.

For example, to warm up large rooms with poor thermal insulation, infrared heaters supplied with gas from a household cylinder are best suited, since they heat the surface, not the air.

Electric boilers are small, compact, silent, can operate autonomously and last a long time. Gas boilers with gas burner automation are the most efficient and economical. In addition, this fuel is the cheapest.

The most important thing when choosing is to focus on proven boiler models, as well as reliable stores. After all, no one is safe from buying a fake.

Liquefied gas consumption

The amount of fuel spent on heating depends on the operating conditions of the device and its technical characteristics, usually power and efficiency. So, for example, according to the passport data, for the boiler JSC Zhukovsky AOGV-17.4-3 with a power of 17 kW with an efficiency of 90%, the consumption of liquefied gas is 0.7 kg/h or 1.3 l/h.

Knowing that the cost of refueling in 2021 is 12-23 rubles/l, taking the average value, you can roughly calculate the cost of heating a house over a certain period of time:

per day (24 hours) – 1.3 × 24 = 31 l × 17 ≈ 527–558 rubles;
per month (30 days) – 31 × 30 = 930 l × 17 ≈ 15810–16740 rubles;
for a season (six months) – 930 × 6 = 5580 l × 17 ≈ 94860–100440 rubles.

It must be taken into account that a 50 liter cylinder actually contains 40–42 liters of propane-butane mixture: about 15–20% of the free volume is used to increase the area of gas evaporation, and overfilling leads to a decrease in its production. This means that with a flow rate of 1.3 l/h, one cylinder is enough for approximately 1.5 days.

But not everything is so bad: the numbers in the passport are given on the basis that the unit will always operate at maximum power 24/7, but in reality this only happens in severe frost. In warm weather, the boiler is active only 10–14 hours daily, i.e. the result obtained can be safely reduced by 30–50%.

How to choose a room thermostat and save up to 30% per month on heating

Operating principle and differences of gas equipment

By assembling each element of the burner yourself, you will receive not only pleasant satisfaction from the work done, but also savings. At the same time, the operation and repair of gas bath equipment will become safe and conscious.

The heating gas unit is a sauna stove body with a gas supply device located in it. Here are the main elements of the control mechanism with which the fuel supply is regulated.

The burner heats the air in the firebox. The thermal energy of the nozzle is transferred through the body to the tray with stones

A heating stove with a gas nozzle requires special attention to the chimney, which must be cleaned periodically.

The advantages of heating water and sauna stones with a gas burner include:

Simplicity of the workflow. To heat up, just turn the valve and ignite the gas in the burner. In an hour, the steam room of the bathhouse will be sufficiently heated.
Environmentally friendly. During operation of a gas device, harmful emissions during gas combustion have the smallest volume compared to other types of fuel.
Ease of maintenance of the burner and the stove itself. There is no need to deal with soot from walls and remove waste, as with coal or firewood.

You can equip the oven with special sensors that are triggered at a critically low exhaust speed. In this case, the gas supply is automatically turned off.

Inexpensive fuel from a gasified stove allows you to not limit the number of bath procedures. Even with daily heating of the bathhouse, maintaining cleanliness becomes very easy

Homemade units

There are craftsmen who remake heating systems with their own hands. On the Internet you can even find the necessary diagrams for changing the devices of gas burners, their installation and adjustment.

Typically, metal is used as a material for the manufacture of heating systems. A cast iron firebox would be much more reliable. However, it is not possible to use it at home.

An excellent option for manual work is to order the system from specialists. They will be able to manufacture the device in accordance with all the customer’s wishes. However, the possibility of defects in the boilers cannot be ruled out, which may appear after some time.

Why do you need homemade heating units? The fact is that the marked options have a lower cost. They are made mainly because of the desire to save money. At the same time, these options are inferior to their factory counterparts in efficiency.

Usually only solid fuel and electric units are manufactured. Making a gas or diesel boiler is extremely dangerous. In addition, their installation in the house is strictly prohibited.

According to the principle of operation, a homemade product is no different from a purchased version. It will burn fuel and heat the coolant filled with water.

The main disadvantage of this unit is the lack of warranty. Factory equipment will work and perform its functions. Even if the buyer stumbles upon a defect, he will be able to exchange the product for another.

It is better to use pellets, firewood, and coal as fuel in self-made units. These materials are less dangerous than gas. It is impossible to make heating devices based on the latter.

Simple solid fuel units are the most popular and widespread homemade devices. They are simple, and their design is in many ways similar to a conventional stove. In addition, they are versatile.

Like a conventional stove, these systems can operate on any solid fuel. The main thing is that it burns.

Main parts of a gas boiler.

The efficiency of homemade equipment is significantly lower than factory equipment. It is influenced by many factors.

Among them:

thermal insulation;
combustion completeness;
the correctness of the conclusions.

The efficiency of the unit directly depends on the combustion temperature. The higher it is, the lower the efficiency. In high-quality systems, the temperature in the firebox is maintained at 120–150°C. Higher values reduce the safety of pipes. This in turn significantly reduces the durability of the unit.

When manufacturing heating boilers with a burner, it is better to protect yourself as much as possible from the possible consequences of its operation. Therefore, you should consider a separate purchase of an automatic gas burner, which will be installed in an atmospheric or blown boiler.

You can also make electric heating units with your own hands. Their design may vary. It all depends on the person’s needs. The simplest option is to install a heating element directly into the heating system. In this case, there is no need to make a boiler.

The pipe with the heater must have a sufficiently large diameter. It should be easily removable for repairs and cleaning.

Systems without a heater deserve special attention. Its role is played by water itself. A current is passed through it, and heating occurs due to the movement of water ions. The liquid itself must contain salt.

It is extremely difficult to make such a device. Electric current passes directly through the coolant, so the entire system must be reliably insulated.

One of the dangers of this device is electrical breakdown. Essentially the same as a short circuit. Gas may also accumulate in the system. As a result, heating efficiency will decrease.

From all of the above, the best option is a solid fuel unit. Its body can be assembled from heat-resistant steel. It is characterized by increased strength, less wear and high resistance to thermal influences.

However, heat-resistant steel is expensive and in practice is rarely used in homemade boilers. Another option is cast iron: this material tolerates heat well, although it is difficult to work with. Equipment for the manufacture of cast iron stoves is available only at specialized enterprises.

It is important to understand that without the proper experience and skills, it is better not to make a heating system yourself. Safety must come first

It is enough to make even one inaccuracy, and this can lead to disastrous consequences.

Other differences

Let's consider the division of gas burners by type of ignition. The simplest option is with a burning igniter (wick). When the automation is triggered, the wick ignites the gas and the boiler begins to heat the coolant. There are two disadvantages here - increased gas consumption and low safety (the igniter may go out). Primary ignition is carried out with matches or using a piezoelectric element that produces a spark.

Natural gas from the mains provides even combustion without forming excessive soot on the walls of the chimney pipe.

Electronic ignition of the burner requires the presence of a high-voltage converter in the gas boiler. Energy is taken from batteries or the electrical network. The first option is used in non-volatile boilers that do not have electronic automation. The second option is relevant for complex units with electronics on board. Along with such ignition, modules for ionization control of the presence of flame are often installed.

There is also a division according to the type of fuel used. Natural gas supplied from the pipeline is cleaner, it is supplied at optimal pressure (we do not consider cases of pressure surges in both directions). The flame in the boiler is clean, without soot. The equipment is connected to the network without modifications. There are burners that can operate on propane - this requires setting up the system and installing a jet. The flame from propane combustion gives off a yellow color, and there is increased soot deposits on the chimney.

Jets allow you to normalize the propane pressure to an acceptable value - they are supplied as a set or purchased separately.

Device classification

The industry produces a very large number of gas injectors of various types, purposes and designs, which are strictly classified by type of fuel and method of air supply. Air supply classification:

Atmospheric burners are burners in which air is supplied naturally; it is captured in a Venturi tube by a gas stream using the principle of an injector.
Forced air or pulse burners are equipped with a fan that provides air flow for combustion of the air-fuel mixture and removal of products resulting from fuel combustion.

The gas burner for the stove in the house is divided by type of fuel:

Gas for burning gaseous fuel.
Burner for burning liquid fuel.

Ignition type

All burners can be divided according to the type of ignition:

Electronic type . They do not have a constantly working igniter. Requires electricity to operate. Electric ignition is one of the most convenient inventions for modern heating units. Thanks to him, the operation of the stoves has become as comfortable as possible. Electric ignition makes it possible to light the burner flame safely, without using available wicks or lighters.
Burners with piezo ignition . No electricity needed.

Sometimes special working conditions are required, for example, burners are placed in a sauna stove, which must distribute the flame well. These are dividers or ordinary distribution tubes. This is how kitchen gas ovens work.

The fuel consumption passing through the burner can vary widely and depend on its design.

Gas burners for your furnace should be safe and energy efficient. This can be achieved if all technical requirements are met. Self-indulgence in this matter can only do harm. Therefore, the installation of gas burners must be carried out by specialists.