Do-it-yourself heating installation from polypropylene pipes in a private house, diagrams

Most country cottages, not to mention houses in remote rural areas or on summer cottages, are deprived of the ability to connect to a centralized heating main and the owners have to independently solve the problem of heating their homes. If you have limited financial resources, one option is to organize heating in a private house using polypropylene pipes yourself.

Before installing the system, the owner will have to solve the problems of choosing a heating method, piping diagrams and connections to radiator heat exchangers, and purchasing the necessary soldering tools. To lay a pipeline of dimensions optimally suited to the operational characteristics of the system, it does not hurt to first find the required pipe size.

Rice. 1 sectional view of PP pipes

Features of heating from polypropylene pipes, pros and cons

The decision to equip the heating of a private house with your own hands from polypropylene has its own characteristics that must be taken into account before starting direct installation work:

plan the entire heating system from start to finish (especially if the heating is in an apartment);
select a boiler, radiator and expansion tanks;
indicate their locations;
plan the location of the pipes;
calculate the required number of pipes (based on the number of rooms, connections, corners, walls).

Pipes for installation.

Reinforced polypropylene pipes.

In private houses, it is convenient to use a separate room for the boiler if you plan to exhaust air through the chimney, that is, naturally, but only if the boiler design allows for such a solution. For houses and apartments, you need to choose reinforced polypropylene pipes that are made by reliable manufacturers.

Separate room for the boiler.

Do-it-yourself heating in an apartment made of polypropylene is just as practical as in a private house. When choosing this type of heating, the owner of a house or apartment receives a lot of priorities:

You can trust a self-equipped heating structure. It is reliable, since the owner independently selected the primary and related parts for the network.
It is easy to install. The arrangement of this structure can be completed by a person who has never dealt with this kind of work before.
The durability of the structure is confirmed by its materials and their quality characteristics.
No risk of leakage. There is an opportunity not to worry about damaged repairs or complaints from neighbors.
The cost-effectiveness of the installation is confirmed already in the first year of use.
No extraneous noise will disturb household members while the system is operating.
Heating made of polypropylene is relatively inexpensive.

The throughput of the pipes allows them to be used for their intended purpose for many years. The deposit of salts and heavy metals does not linger on polypropylene at all, and it is also not subject to corrosive processes. Such pipes are quite durable, but also lightweight. Arranging a private home with your own hands using such an installation will eliminate problems during the winter season for many decades.

Choosing a heating source

Before you begin installing a polypropylene pipeline, you should decide on the heating source. This will affect the overall design of the heating system and the selection of additional elements.

Gas

It is considered a very economical and environmentally friendly type of fuel. However, it is appropriate to talk about efficiency only if the house is already gasified or is at least located near the main gas pipeline. Otherwise, connecting to a remote network will cost the owner a tidy sum.

The best option for installing a heating system using gas fuel is a modern wall-mounted gas boiler, equipped with a set of necessary devices and protective mechanisms that ensure maximum automation of system control processes.

Another advantage of this solution is the ability to abandon the chimney that is so common in private households. Modern gas boilers are equipped with a closed combustion chamber, the supply of oxygen and the removal of exhaust air from which is carried out through a thin tube.

Electricity

Another environmentally friendly way to heat a room, although more expensive than gas. To ensure the operation of the heating system, you will need a special boiler equipped with safety equipment, a pump for circulating coolant (depending on the chosen scheme) and an expansion tank.

Solid fuel systems

They are characterized by a higher coolant temperature at the boiler outlet, which imposes increased requirements on the organization of the safety system.

The best schemes

The scheme by which circulation will be carried out must be chosen from two possible options:

Schema type name	Characteristics of work
Top coolant supply	Suitable if there is a risk of power failures. The coolant circulates independently in the pipeline network.
Bottom coolant supply	Do-it-yourself heating in a house made of polypropylene according to this scheme is suitable for a multi-storey country house. The coolant is distributed throughout the pipeline network using a pressure pump.

Experts suggest considering the option of a two-pipe system. With this scheme, pipes are laid around the perimeter in the walls of the house or in the floor. You can plan and make this option both in a private house and in an apartment.

If the boiler will be installed in a separate room, then it is advisable to cover it from the inside with a fire-resistant material. This will protect against the spread of fire in an emergency. Also, all fire safety requirements must be met in this room.

Preparation for installation of PP pipes

To install PP pipes, it is important to carefully study the diagram of the water supply and heating system, prepare a number of tools and read the step-by-step instructions. All work is carried out in several stages

All work is carried out in several stages.

Stage 1 drafting

Before purchasing materials for installing pipes with your own hands, you need to draw up a diagram of their connection. To connect batteries to the heating circuit, the following methods are used:

Flow-through.
Installation with unregulated bypass.
Installation with valves.
With three way valve.

Home plumbing may also differ in wiring diagram. Today, two technologies for installing polypropylene pipes are used:

Parallel. It is carried out according to this principle: a collector resembling a flute is installed at the entrance of the water supply system. With its help, you can create a series of bends in any convenient direction.
Tee (considered a traditional solution).

A separate pipe is pulled from each branch. The advantage of this system is the same level of pressure at all points of liquid collection, but the disadvantage is the need to use a large number of pipes. Moreover, if one element is damaged, the remaining parts will work without failure.

The last scheme is called sequential and consists of laying a single pipe for all plumbing. Further branches are made from it using a tee.

Stage 2 preparation of instruments

Working with polypropylene pipes requires the use of special tools. The cost of all devices will vary from 5 to 10 thousand rubles. The basic set consists of:

Welding equipment or soldering iron for working with polypropylene.
Scissors for cutting pipes.
Shaver for removing aluminum coating.
A calibrator with which you can monitor the diameter of all components.
Parts for heating the soldering elements.

Photo of the instrument	Name
welding machine, for work at home it is recommended to use units designed for welding PP pipes of small and medium diameter - up to 63 mm.
The pipe cutter is an ideal device for cutting polypropylene.
Shaver - designed to remove a layer of reinforcement.
A trimmer is needed for high-quality pipe joining
Marker for marking pipes.
Using a building level and a pencil, draw the direction of the pipes on the wall
A tape measure is one of the main tools in construction.
A degreaser is needed to remove impurities from the surfaces of welding joints.

In addition, you need to find an adjustable wrench, a tape measure and a marker. If PPR structures and pipeline installation are implemented once, it is better to ask friends for tools or rent them.

Stage 3 selection of polypropylene fittings

To install a water supply system from polypropylene pipes with your own hands and combine them with home plumbing, you should purchase special PP fittings. Among them:

Adapters.
Nipple type bends.
Connecting couplings.
Tees.
Plugs.
Crosses.
Ball Valves.
Clamps.

Since the quality of fittings may vary, it is necessary to select them taking into account the characteristics of the pipe.

Stage 4 selection of connection diagram

To install water pipes in an apartment using polypropylene, you should find a connection diagram. The specifics of soldering may differ for pipes of different diameters. Pipes of the same thickness are connected end-to-end, and pipes of different thickness are connected using the socket method. It involves joining one part of a pipe into an extended fitting.

1. Upper ball valve for heated towel rail. 2. Ball valve on the jumper. 3. Bottom ball valve for heated towel rail. 4. Main tap for hot water. 5. Filter – “Mud trap” 6. Counter. 7. Fine filter. 8. Pressure reducer. 9. Collector. 10. Main tap for cold water.

The connection of PP products can be detachable or permanent. In the first case, threaded fittings are soldered to the ends of the parts. With one-piece installation, two polypropylene structures merge.

Step-by-step assembly and installation instructions

For high-quality and correct installation, it is necessary to plan a diagram of the divorce system, which must be relied upon during the work process. Assembly work with pipes consists of several steps:

Execution of the exact scheme.
Calculate pipe sections of the required length, step by step for each section. Then the type of suitable fitting is determined.
You need to know the welding time of pipes when connecting them. It depends on the diameter and type of pipe; you need to read about this in the instructions or check with the seller. Before working, place the pipes indoors for a while to equalize their temperature readings.
It is convenient to mark the cut points using a marker.
Relative to the surface, it is necessary to make perpendicular cuts with special scissors.
The cut areas are wiped with an alcohol solution; make sure the pipe is clean - use a dry cloth.
Select a nozzle from the soldering machine that matches the diameter of the pipe being installed. After degreasing it, place it horizontally and heat it to 256 degrees.
The pipe with the fitting is placed in the heating holes, and after a certain period of time is removed, the pipe is inserted into the connecting element of the fitting and held for several seconds. The connections should not be subjected to mechanical stress until they have completely cooled.

Using this method, the remaining pipes of the entire heating system network are soldered. Do-it-yourself heating made from polypropylene pipes must be strengthened using clips, then there will be no sagging of the pipes. The coolant for this material should not exceed 60 degrees Celsius.

PP fittings for water supply systems

The term fitting is taken from English.
Literally translated: to mount, adjust, assemble. Structurally, the fitting is a component of a pipeline, in particular made of polypropylene. This component can take the form of an angle (90º or 120º), tee, cross, etc. There are fittings with threaded inserts for connecting shut-off and other valves. There are special bypass elements that allow you to carefully bypass the places where one pipe bumps into another.

Along with polypropylene pipes, a huge variety of fittings are produced. Mounting elements - fittings - significantly expand installation freedom and allow you to choose the most appropriate technology for constructing water supply systems

Using any of these mounting elements, it is convenient to build water supply wiring diagrams in almost any configuration. So, to connect one polypropylene pipe to another in a straight line, a coupling is used.

The same fitting is used if it is necessary to make a transition from a pipe of one diameter to a pipe of another diameter in a straight section. It is easy to connect pipes with a bend using corner fittings.

Fittings of various types are produced for the installation of water pipes with polypropylene pipes. If one type of such elements is intended for use for soldering, another type is used for mechanical threaded connections.

Fittings for mechanical threaded connections allow you to create a completely strong, reliable connection using force crimping, eliminating soldering technology from the process.

In addition to traditional installation methods - soldering polypropylene and mechanical connections, the technology of gluing circuit elements is used. The advantages of this technology are obtaining a high-quality appearance of the plumbing system due to the complete absence of any deformations

In addition to the threaded connecting technique, the technology of gluing water supply parts is often used. For example, using special glue, tees and polypropylene pipes, you can easily make a distribution manifold for cold water supply with your own hands.

The actions of a master plumber in this case boil down to the following steps:

The pipe is cut to size and deburred.
The surface of the pipe at the junction is degreased.
A layer of glue is evenly applied to the surface.
The end of the pipe is inserted into the fitting until it stops.

Glue drying time is 20-25 minutes.

Time delay for welding polypropylene pipes

Pipe Diameter Size(mm)	Time (sec.)	Direct connection (sec.)	Cooling time (min.)
1 — 25	5 — 7	4	2
32 — 50	8 – 18	6	4
63	24	8	6
75	30	10	8

For a clear and visual example, check out the educational video material.

Reasonable prices for materials and ease of installation work will help you set up a reliable heating system yourself. The proposed type of installation is considered a leader among similar ones. That is why it is so popular among owners of country houses.

Source

Choice

There are many models of polypropylene pipes. We will describe what can and should be used.

A mandatory requirement for a heating system is that only heat-resistant pipes and connecting elements are selected that can withstand temperatures of at least 80°C.

They must be reinforced; there are three types:

PPV foil-reinforced pipes along the outer diameter;
PPV foil-reinforced pipes along the internal diameter;
PPV pipes reinforced with glass fiber.

Pipe reinforcement with foil along the inner diameter

The best option is fiberglass reinforced pipes; they are soldered well and have a low expansion coefficient. Pipes reinforced at the outer diameter must be stripped of reinforced foil at the joints before soldering. These are unnecessary problems and the possibility of deformation. All listed options must withstand pressure of 6-7 atmospheres.

Pipe parameters correspondence table

Size, mm	Outer diameter, mm	Wall thickness, mm	Water capacity, l/m
PN20 pipes for heating systems, operating temperature 80°C, maximum 90°C, pressure 6 atm., lengths 4 mm
16*2,7	16	2,7	0,110
20*1,9	20	3,4	0,172
25*2,3	25	4,2	0,266
32*3,0	32	5,4	0,434
40*3,7	40	6,7	0,671
50*4,6	50	8,4	1,050
63*5,8	63	10,5	1,650
75*6,9	75	12,5	2,340
90*8,2	90	15,0	3,360
110*10,0	110	18,4	5,040
PN20 Al pipes for heating systems, operating temperature 80°C, maximum 90°C, pressure 6 atm., lengths 4 mm
16*2,7	17,8	2,7	0,088
20*1,9	21,8	3,4	0,137
25*2,3	26,9	4,2	0,216
32*3,0	33,9	5,4	0,353
40*3,7	41,9	6,7	0,556
50*4,6	51,9	8,4	0,866
63*5,8	64,9	10,5	1,385
75*6,9	76,9	12,5	1,963
90*8,2	92	15,0	2,827
110*10,0	112	18,4	4,208

It is advisable to use couplings, rotary fittings, and valves without metal elements. Connections are made only by welding, with both ends inserted into the coupling - this is the most reliable and durable connection.

Control valves: couplings and fittings

It is recommended to buy pipes and all components from European manufacturers, for example, Germany, the Czech Republic. Turkish production is still far from perfect: uneven reinforcement layer and wall thickness along the outer and inner diameter.

Next material

An inexpensive and technologically advanced option for heating is plastic pipes.

They are durable, easy to install and inexpensive. A well-welded polypropylene system can last 30–60 years without repair, but there are factors that significantly reduce service life and reliability.

These are excessive temperature, pressure, prolonged exposure to direct sunlight. Polypropylene pipes should not be used when connecting a solid fuel boiler, on steam lines, in contact with hot metal, or in heating systems of multi-apartment high-rise buildings.

Classification of polypropylene hoses (4 classes)

Often four classes of hoses are indicated, since the third is practically not used, but GOST specifies five classes for polymer products.

Polypropylene hoses are divided into classes according to heat resistance and operating pressure values:

Class 1 - hot water distribution systems up to 60 °C;
Class 2 - hot water distribution systems up to 70 °C;
Class 3 - underfloor heating, low-temperature radiators up to 50 °C;
Class 4 - underfloor heating, low-temperature radiators up to 70 °C;
Class 5 - high-temperature radiators up to 90 °C;

There is also a class “XB” - intended for cold water supply.

It is assumed that the system will operate in certain temperature conditions, which differ for each season and off-season. For example, for high temperature radiators, the system should last 50 years: 14 years at 20°C, 25 years at 60°C, 10 years at 80°C and 1 year at 90°C. This means that in a region with an extended heating season, the service life will be reduced.

The emergency temperature for classes 1-2 is 95 °C, for class 3 - 65 °C, for classes 4-5 - 100 °C. That is, pipes can withstand significant excess operating loads for a short time, up to 100 hours over the entire period.

The maximum working pressure of thermoplastics should be:

0.4 MPa;
0.6 MPa;
0.8 MPa;
1.0 MPa.

Types of polypropylene pipes

The manufacturer makes markings throughout the product. It indicates the type of material, nominal pressure, operating temperature, diameter, wall thickness, ultraviolet protection .

Depending on the wall material, pipes are distinguished:

Monolithic. They are used to transport liquids at low pressure and temperature. Used for water supply and irrigation systems. Designated as PPH, PPB. Nominal pressure PN15, PN 20.
Random copolymer. They are used in water supply systems and in the organization of low-temperature heating - warm floors. Designated PPR. Nominal pressure PN20 - PN 25.
Heat-resistant reinforced - PPS . The strength of such pipes is higher than metal-plastic, and they are used in heating systems. Nominal pressure PN 25. Withstands temperatures of 95 °C, used in any heating systems of private houses.
Reinforced. The walls of polypropylene pipes can be made either from monolithic polypropylene or reinforced with fiberglass or aluminum foil. Reinforcement is needed to increase strength, durability and reduce linear expansion.

In heating systems, the most versatile and widely used are fiberglass-reinforced composite products.

Security measures

When working with a heating device, it is necessary to observe personal protective measures:

The soldering iron must be installed on a horizontal surface in a place free from materials.
The technician must wear protective gloves (for working with hot tools) and comfortable overalls.
Avoid bending over melting plastic as this process releases harmful fumes.
The room should be relatively clean. The working surface is free from dust and debris.
The connection between the soldering iron plug and the network must be tight and the cord must be loose.

We recommend that you familiarize yourself with: Rotary (angled) fitting

The welding tool is preheated for 20 minutes if it does not have a corresponding indicator.

How to solder a heating system

A huge advantage of polypropylene pipes is the ease and manufacturability of joining. The connection is uniform and monolithic. Each type of pipe is connected using its own technology.

End connection

Used for large diameter main pipes . They are soldered using heated air and a filler rod. The process is similar to welding metal with an electrode.

An irresponsible joint can also be obtained with small diameters by heating the ends to 270 °C and joining the pipes. This method is not used, since the joint is weak, porous, and leaks are possible.

Electrofusion connection

Used for high-quality connections of high-pressure pipelines . The ends of the connections are cleaned and compressed with casing clamps. A coupling with electric heaters already sealed in it is installed at the joint. The clamps are loosened, a fixing and centering clamp is put on. A direct electric current is connected to the coupling contacts. Voltage, current and heating time are indicated on the coupling. After heating, the joint cools down, after which it is ready for use.

Socket soldering

Used for small diameters - up to 62 mm. To connect, you will need factory-made shaped elements: adapters, tees, couplings, taps, fittings, turns.

For soldering you will need: a soldering iron with Teflon tips, pipe cutters, clean rags, degreaser, ruler and pencil.

We cut the connected pipes to the required size using spring scissors. When measuring, a margin of 8-10 mm for the joint.

Photo 1. The process of socket soldering of polypropylene pipes. A special soldering iron is used for this.

We degrease and clean the ends and seats in the fitting. Dirt, grease and water interfere with the welding of polypropylene; a sealed, reliable joint will not work.

At the end of the pipe, mark the depth of the seat in the fitting. a few millimeters for excess plastic.

If we are welding a pipe reinforced with aluminum foil, we use a special “sharpener” ; it will evenly cut the reinforcement and the joint will be reliable.

The surface of the polypropylene being welded must be clean and dry. We use rags and degreaser. Be sure to remove water in case of repairs or alterations to the system.

Heat the soldering iron to a temperature of 260-280 °C. We attach non-Teflon tips to the pipe and coupling and hold for 5-7 seconds. After heating, connect the joint and fix it for 10-15 seconds.

Polypropylene is welded into a monolith during heating. Therefore, you should not adjust the position, tighten or press - the joint will turn out to be of poor quality.

If the inside of the fitting overheats, plastic residue may narrow or even block the fitting.

For excess plastic, a space of 2-3 mm is left in the mounting socket.

Therefore, the marking stage is also important.

The cooled joint can be used immediately.

The connection gains strength as it cools.

How to properly secure a pipeline

At the next stage, the fragments are cut and joined on the working surface. The finished structure is installed in the selected location.

To lay good wiring, it is not enough to connect the pipes to each other - it is important to correctly install and connect them. In this case, the pipeline will not sag on the wall or deform under the influence of hot liquid

The structures are fixed using special clips. These fasteners can be single, stacked and with a clamp, or made in the form of clamps. The latter variety comes in a wide variety - because of this, it is better to make the final decision at the point of sale. Clips are intended for free movement of products along the axis, and clamps are intended for firmly fastening structures in the selected position.

Under the influence of high temperatures, the length of the pipes changes by 10-15 mm/1m. If a rigid connection is used, the connection may fail at the soldering point. To reduce the voltage, you will need to use the following compensators:

Z-shaped models.
Ring.
In the shape of the letter G.
U-shaped.

After the final stage, it remains to check the functionality of the system.

Polypropylene for heating

Polypropylene pipes are used to transport coolant liquid from the boiler to the battery heat exchangers. When designing a heating system, you should pay attention to:

Diameter. The larger the cross-section, the lower the hydrodynamic resistance and the further the coolant can be supplied.
Material. For a “warm floor”, it is enough to use cross-linked polyethylene; for the installation of radiator heating, a fiberglass-reinforced pipe for hot water is used; for piping the boiler, it is better to use a heat-resistant PPS pipe. The piping of a solid fuel boiler is made of metal.
Length of straight pipeline sections. Polypropylene has a disadvantage - linear expansion. When heated, the length of the pipe changes. Therefore, you should not rigidly fix corner connections, but design compensation loops and bends on long straight sections.

Polypropylene is used in any heating system.

It is suitable for both battery systems and heated floors.

Polypropylene is not suitable for use in systems with overheated coolant ( above 95 °C ) or high pressure ( above 10 atmospheres ).

Which pipes to use

Almost all polypropylene products are suitable for cold water supply, but with hot water the situation is somewhat different.

In order to use pipes for the delivery of drinking water, they must have a certificate of conformity. For hot water supply, first and second class hoses are used with operating temperatures up to 70 degrees. For heating and arrangement of heated floors, special products are used that have reinforcing and anti-diffusion (protecting against oxygen access) layers.

The pipes are marked accordingly.

It is necessary to take into account some features. For example, polymers are not used when connecting to solid fuel boilers. At least one and a half meters of the initial supply and return sections must be made of copper or steel pipes.

Prices for polypropylene pipes from different manufacturers

polypropylene pipes

How to choose the right diameter

To accurately select the diameter, a hydraulic calculation of the system is required, however, in houses up to 250 m² you can do without it.

The diameter directly depends on the total power of the radiators, and it should be understood that different sections of pipes serve part of the system, and not its entirety, so the supply often has a smaller diameter than the connection and return pipes.

For accurate balancing, it is still necessary to use a hydraulic calculation, with the help of which the diameter and length of different sections, as well as the radiator valves and circulation pump are selected.

As a result of the calculation, the following data is obtained:

coolant flow for the entire system, kg/s;
pressure loss in the system;
pressure loss from the boiler (pump) to each radiator.

The coolant flow rate is equal to the ratio of the heat loss of the building to the product of the heat capacity of water and the temperature difference between the boiler supply and return.

The speed of movement of the coolant is equal to the ratio of the flow rate through a section of pipe (kg/s) to the product of the density of water and the cross-sectional area of the pipe in square meters.

The pressure loss is equal to the product of the specific friction losses in the pipe and the length of the pipe section. Friction information should be provided in the manufacturer's reference literature.

Resistance losses on fittings, fittings, and equipment are also calculated. The coefficient is indicated by the manufacturer of each fitting. To calculate, the coefficient is multiplied with the density and speed squared, divided by two.

As a result, the resistances of all sections are summed up and compared with the control value.

If independent calculation is difficult, contact a specialist.

How to make a heating system in a private house with your own hands

There are a large number of heating systems. Each system has its own characteristics and is used to solve specific problems. When choosing, you should pay attention to the following initial data:

Number of storeys and area of the house. To heat several floors, complex systems are used that calculate hydrodynamic resistance. A distribution system with a riser, a “Tichelman loop,” is suitable. For a one-story building with a simple layout, the Leningradka single-pipe system, a simple bottom spill system, would be optimal.
Layout and aesthetic considerations. To prevent pipes from spoiling the appearance of the walls or interfering with the installation of furniture, you can design decorative screens for the upper spill, or hide the lower spill in the walls or floor screed. Pipes should not pass under doors and should not interfere with walking. Heat is evenly distributed throughout the heated room.
Energy dependence. If your home experiences frequent and prolonged power outages, it is better to design a gravity system with an open expansion tank. If there are no power outages, a more efficient closed system with a membrane expansion tank and forced circulation is used. Pipes may be of smaller diameter.
Power . Depends on the heat loss of the house. The greater the power of the system, the larger the diameter of the pipes to facilitate coolant circulation.

Installation tools

To assemble the system you will need an inexpensive and accessible set of accessories.

Tools for working with polypropylene. This is a soldering iron, pipe cutter, rags, ruler, pencil, degreaser. To remove aluminum reinforcement, you will need a reamer of the appropriate diameter.

Photo 2. Special soldering iron for connecting polypropylene pipes. The device has two holes of different diameters.

A set of plumbing accessories - open-end and adjustable wrenches, fum tape, pliers.
Set of construction tools: hammer drill, grinder, foam gun, mixer.

Stages of work, heating design diagram

The heating system is assembled in successive logical steps.

Marking the installation of the boiler and batteries. Radiators are placed at the entrance and under windows to create proper convection currents in the room. The boiler can be installed in a boiler room; some types can be placed near any external wall.
Determination of pipe locations. We definitely design compensation loops - the length of polypropylene pipes changes when heated.
Hanging the boiler and its piping. If necessary, we connect water and gas to it. It is better to make the piping of a solid fuel boiler from metal. The gas boiler is connected with polypropylene pipes with heat-resistant characteristics.
With a collector system, we connect a “comb” - a distributor. If the system is two-three-arm, you can get by with tees.
We install the expansion tank and safety group. The volume of the expansion tank is calculated based on the volume of water in the system.
We fix the fasteners to the floor or wall. If the system is with gravitational circulation, we observe the slopes.
We install pipes and connect batteries.
After installation is completed, we pressurize the system. We disconnect the batteries and plug all the outputs. We supply air under pressure of 8-10 atmospheres. If fistulas are identified, we eliminate them.
We connect the batteries, boiler, expansion tank.
We fill the system with water and remove air from the upper points.
We are conducting a test run. We pay attention to pipes, joints, and connection points. We check the uniformity of heating of the batteries.
We embed the pipes in a screed, wall or decorative box.

Photo 3. Diagram of the heating system of a two-story house using polypropylene pipes.

Source

Selecting the diameter of a heating pipe using tables and online calculators

In Internet resources you can find tables of the dependence of the pipe diameter on the speed parameters of the medium V and the heat output Q. Usually the speed does not go beyond 0.2 - 0.7 m/s, and the power of boiler equipment is in the range of 3000 - 40000 W.

To approximately determine the size of PP pipes based on Q and V, one is guided by the following considerations:

For an individual house, the power of a thermal boiler is calculated based on the consumption of 100 W of thermal power per 1 square meter of heated area. For example, if a house has a total heated area of 100 square meters, then a 10,000 W boiler will be needed for heating.
The speed of the coolant in gravity systems is assumed to be minimum of about 2 - 3 m/s, with forced supply by a circular pump - 4 - 7 m/s.

As a result, according to the table in Fig. 10 we find that to supply heat with a power of 10,000 Watts at an average speed of movement of the medium along the pipeline line of 5 m/s, PP heating pipes with a circumference of 25 mm should be used.

It is worth noting that a more accurate result can be obtained from tables that take into account the temperature difference between supply and return, as well as their readings (80/60, 75/60).

When calculating pipe diameters using online calculators, the following information is usually entered:

area of the heated room;
ceiling height;
maximum outdoor temperature;
the number of walls facing the street, sometimes their orientation to the cardinal points and relative to the wind load;
the degree of thermal insulation of external walls or its numerical coefficient;
thermal parameters of the flooring;
thermal characteristics of attic rooms;
number of windows, their dimensional parameters in height and width;
type of glazing (sheet or chamber), number of sheets in packages;
the presence of doors to the street, balconies and loggias, the degree of thermal protection of the latter (cold, warm).

Rice. 11 Table of the relationship between heat flow and coolant pumping volume with its movement speed and pipe diameter

It may be useful to read about Connecting the boiler to the heating system

Additional material: Heating boiler piping

There are two options for boilers - floor-mounted and wall-mounted. Connecting them has its own characteristics. The piping scheme common to all types of boilers includes:

boiler;
radiator;
ball valves;
nuts fixing the boiler;
cleaning filters;
thermal heads for batteries;
tees, corners;
Mayevsky cranes;
different valves;
measuring instruments;
circulation pump;
distributors;
fastener

The piping scheme in the case of a wall-mounted boiler can be exclusively closed, since these boilers are autonomous. A floor-standing boiler cannot be placed at the top of the wiring, since it does not exhaust air. As a result, air pockets will appear. Most wall-mounted boilers have air vents, so they independently release air masses.

When piping a gas boiler with a polypropylene circuit, a large number of connections should not be allowed. The main condition is the presence of a rigid joint at the point where the gas is supplied to the unit. A feature of a solid fuel boiler is the lack of a heat supply control function. When forced circulation is turned off, pressure will increase and the system may fail.

For such cases, there are emergency schemes. One of them is installing an automatic bypass. When the pump is running, the coolant flows through it, and the bypass is closed. When the pump stops, the fluid flow is redirected and passes through the bypass. For heating circuits installed in a private house made of polypropylene with a circulation pump, the feasibility of use and parameters of the latter are determined by hydraulic engineering calculations.

Diagrams by type of coolant supply

The radiator will work effectively if the coolant is evenly distributed across all sections.

Warm and cold water have different densities. The heated coolant always tends upward. In the system it is replaced by cold, denser water. This feature is taken into account when supplying coolant to the batteries.

Coolant supply diagram

Upper eyeliner

Each radiator has vertical channels connecting the horizontal upper and lower manifold. The presence of these elements allows the coolant to circulate in the device.

With the top connection, mainly only the top of the battery heats up. To prevent such an effect, a jumper is installed after the first rib in the direction of flow of the coolant. Therefore, the heated water first falls into the lower collector.

Then it passes through all sections of the radiator and enters the return pipeline. As a result, the top connection turns into a diagonal way to connect the battery.

If there is no jumper in the radiator, the supply pipe is connected at the top, and the return pipe at the bottom from the opposite end of the battery. This option is called diagonal strapping.

Bottom eyeliner

This is the easiest way to tie. The scheme involves installing the boiler in the basement or on the ground floor. From the heat generating unit, the main pipeline is led to the attic, where the expansion tank is installed. A starting line is laid from the tank, but not lower than 1.5 m to the first radiator.

The supply and return are connected to the batteries at the lowest points on opposite sides. All radiators in the system are connected to pipelines in the same way and installed in series.

When installing a heating circuit with natural circulation, the pipes are laid at an angle. The last battery must be located above the boiler. The height difference between the final radiator and the heat generating unit should not exceed 3 m.

Connection in progress:

circulation pump;
bypasses;
shut-off valves;
Mayevsky cranes.

Pumping equipment runs on electricity. When it is turned off, circulation of the coolant is possible only in a natural way. Therefore, it is better to lay pipelines at a slope.

Polypropylene pipes in convection systems

Convection systems made of polypropylene pipes are very popular. The reason is the ease of processing of the material, resistance to freezing, high tightness, low thermal conductivity.

In closed-type “pumpless” systems, when heated, a lot of oxygen is released from the water. If the line is made of a steel pipe, it will very quickly become covered with a layer of rust. Polypropylene products do not have this drawback. The directed flow moving along polypropylene hoses does not encounter significant resistance. No deposits form on the walls of PP pipes.

Conclusions and recommendations

According to professionals, polypropylene pipes are suitable for heating. Their advantages will be fully exploited if the information discussed above is taken into account.

Professionals create connections quickly and accurately. A beginner will have to practice

To reduce the cost, you need to carefully study the features of the project. Where there is free access, you can use cheaper products made from polypropylene without reinforcement. For a complete analysis it is necessary to consider:

different types of products;
installation technologies;
compatibility with modern heating systems.

Total costs should be added to operating costs. Be sure to check the service life stated by the manufacturer.

Gravity heating system

The classic gravity system folds:

from the boiler;
tank;
pipes;
radiators.

Its advantages include energy independence, self-regulation, and reliability. There is an opinion that polypropylene pipes are not suitable for constructing such a system, but this is not the case. You just need to meet some conditions during installation:

The spill must be carried out at a uniform slope throughout.
After the boiler, a short acceleration section called a collector is required. Here the water picks up speed and continues further circulation. It needs to be framed with a piece of steel pipe so that the coolant can be cooled.
The radiator must be located as low as possible to the level of the boiler, or at least on a par with it.
The solid fuel boiler is installed at a slight slope. The pipe is welded into it in the very top corner.
The outlet pipe is also mounted with a slope at the lowest point.
Taps with maximum flow are connected to the radiators. This will eliminate losses, and circulation will occur throughout all batteries.

If you plan to install a heated floor, form a gravitational pumpless system for the radiator, and arrange a separate loop with a pump for the floor. Since the system has limited pressure, it will not be able to push through additional complex contours naturally.

Restrictions on use

With all its advantages, polypropylene pipes are still not ideal - and this should be taken into account, especially when planning the installation of heating from polypropylene pipes.

This also applies to the choice of the type of polymer raw material and technical characteristics.

According to standards, polypropylene for pipe production can be of several grades - this indicator must be indicated on the outer wall of the pipe.

Standard strength depends on the temperature and pressure for which the material is designed. The general rule is: the higher the operating temperature, the lower the pressure, and vice versa.

To equalize the properties of pipes from different manufacturers in Europe, a unified gradation of types of polypropylene and areas of application of pipes made from it has been introduced (it is also approved by GOSTs in the CIS countries). This scale looks like this:

PN 10 – thin-walled pipe, for cold water supply (up to +20°C) and heated floors (up to 45°C), nominal operating pressure 1 MPa (10.2 kg/cm/2);
PN 16 - high-pressure cold water supply, low-pressure central heating supply;
PN 20 – pipe for cold and hot water supply (temperature up to +80°C), nominal pressure 2 MPa (20.4 kg/cm2);
PN 25 – for hot water supply and central heating (up to +95°C), nominal pressure 2.5 MPa (25.49 kg/cm2), three-layer with aluminum foil reinforcement.

A relatively new product on the market is a PN 25 pipe with glass fiber reinforcement. Its advantage compared to conventional PN 25 with aluminum is that there is no need to clean the joints.

Polypropylene pipes of various diameters

In any area of life, and construction is no exception, there is always a temptation to save money when purchasing. When installing plumbing and heat-conducting systems, this can subsequently lead to multiple costs.

The difference in the price of a meter of pipe, depending on the brand, can be several times. However, if you put liquid into a “cold” pipe at a temperature for which it is not designed, you can subsequently spend months, or even years, paying for repairs to the flooded neighbors below.

In any case, before planning the installation of a heating system with polypropylene pipes, you should remember some of their specific features (except for PN25 pipes with aluminum).

Polypropylene has a fairly high coefficient of linear expansion - under the influence of high temperature, the pipe stretches lengthwise and increases in diameter.

If the water supply is designed for cold liquid, this effect is invisible. If the temperature of the energy carrier is up to 45 °C, then too. But at higher temperatures, if there is no space for expansion, either the pipe itself will rupture, or the outer lining will be damaged due to deformation of the material

The same effect should be remembered when laying pipelines outdoors - in winter, the pipe can shrink, which will lead to its rupture or damage to the fittings (see the video below for what to look for when choosing pipes):

To prevent the above consequences, there is a reliable method - creating compensation loops. You can do them yourself - by creating small U-shaped sections of the pipeline free from fastenings (their size and frequency are indicated in the specifications by the pipe manufacturer).

Most companies offer ready-made hinges as shaped products. But the question of possible installation methods immediately arises. In principle, a polypropylene pipe can be installed in all existing ways:

Open gasket;
Hidden gasket;
Gasket in boxes;
Laying in mines;
Channelless laying in the ground.

However, those pipelines that will pass water at elevated temperatures (from 45 °C and above) must be able to move longitudinally and be installed on sliding fasteners, or in channels and boxes that guarantee the possibility of movement.

Materials for heating system installation

The optimal diameter of a polypropylene pipe for installing a single-pipe system in a private house is 20 mm, for risers - 25 mm. For a two-pipe system with more than 8 radiators, a polypropylene hose with a diameter of 32 mm is used. The fittings are selected for the cross-section of the pipes so that their internal diameter matches the outer diameter of the line. They must be from the same manufacturer as the pipes and with the same markings.

A high-quality connection of polypropylene elements is obtained only by welding. Use a welding machine or soldering iron. Foil-reinforced pipes are suitable for high-temperature systems, and fiberglass for low-temperature systems.

The first ones are marked PN 25. They are designed for a pressure of 2.5 MPa. Working pressure for PN 20 is 2 MPa. In any heating system on radiators, Mayevsky taps are needed. They are embedded into the top of the battery. The holes at the bottom are closed with a stopper.

Fittings are used as transition elements for connecting radiators in heating systems made of PP pipes. These include:

Couplings. They connect two identical pipes.
Bends.
Crosses. For branching on two sides.
Adapters. Necessary for joining elements with different diameters.
Tees. One-sided branches are formed.
Fittings. Necessary for connecting the hose to a flexible hose.
Plugs. Installed at the end of a polypropylene pipe.

Polypropylene hose fittings are environmentally friendly and durable. Under proper operating conditions they can last about 50 years.

Disadvantages and methods for eliminating them

The main disadvantage of polypropylene pipes is their high expansion coefficient. At a coolant temperature of 100°C, 10 meters of pipe lengthens to 15 cm. This leads to deformation of the structure. In order to prevent destruction, flexible supports are installed and compensation loops are made. Later, foil-reinforced pipes began to be used, which significantly reduced the expansion coefficient. Nowadays, the most practical pipes are reinforced with glass fiber: under the same conditions they extend by only 1 cm.
Polypropylene products, especially connecting elements, are inferior to metal pipes in strength. It is not even correct to compare them: when subjected to strong impacts with hard objects, polypropylene is deformed and may collapse.

Features of materials that need to be taken into account during installation

In order for the system to function correctly, during the installation process it is necessary to take into account some features of PP hoses. One of them is linear expansion. This phenomenon causes a change in external and internal temperatures. As a result of heating, the plastic sleeve begins to sag. The linear expansion is compensated by the correct laying of the pipeline, guaranteeing freedom of its movement within the limits of the linear expansion value.

For this purpose, fastening clamps and compensators are used, the design of which includes both moving and stationary parts. Sometimes sagging can be eliminated by chipping the wall and laying a sleeve into it or installing additional clips. If these actions do not help, radical measures are used - the sleeve is disconnected in the area of the “American women”, the sagging section is cut off, the American woman is resoldered, then twisted.

Disadvantages of work

The main disadvantage of electric heating is the high energy consumption. In some areas, energy prices are quite high, so this method may simply not be profitable.

The second disadvantage is energy dependence. If the electricity is turned off for any reason, heating the room will become impossible.

Using a generator.

The third disadvantage can be considered the unstable voltage in the power grid, especially in rural areas. Purchasing your own generator eliminates this problem, but significantly increases financial costs.

Have you decided to heat your house with electricity? It is necessary to take into account the condition and power of the electrical wiring. For a large private house, a three-phase power supply may be needed. You will need to find out exactly how much power is allocated to the house and what part of the allocated power can be used for heating.

Polypropylene pipes are new opportunities

Products made from PPR have optimal technical characteristics. They open up new opportunities for owners of suburban housing, where the heating system is powered by boilers. Their use reduces the complexity of installation. This option is not only economically beneficial, but also reliable.

Each person understands the word comfort in his own way, but everyone needs warmth.
You can provide them to your home without large capital and time expenditures by using polypropylene pipes, and awareness of heating issues will allow you to make the right decision. Source

It's not the gods who burn the pots

Thanks to the simplicity and accessibility of the technology for soldering polypropylene pipes, anyone can assemble a heating system. The cost of equipment and tools is significantly lower than the services of a specialist.

For those wishing to assemble heating in a house with their own hands, it is important to have a firm grasp of the theory, draw a heating diagram and consult with heating engineers . By following the order of work and using only reliable materials from well-known manufacturers, you can assemble a durable and effective system.

Thanks to modern technologies, to create a heating system, it has become possible to use materials that we had no idea about in the recent past.

Today, in a private house, it is possible to independently install heating from polypropylene pipes, because for these purposes you do not need to have professional skills.

Almost every home master can solve this issue. The article provides instructions with video presentations to illustrate the processes.

Structure and types of systems with a natural type of circulation

Typically, a heating circuit without a pump includes a list of required components:

heating device - a boiler or stove that can be heated with the type of fuel available in a particular region;
expansion tank, which allows you to relieve excess pressure or add water to the heating circuit;
pipes that form the circuit along which water will move in the system;
batteries that allow you to heat the room more efficiently by increasing the area of the heat-transferring surface.

The diameter of heating pipes with natural circulation will be slightly larger than if a circulation pump is used.

Based on what kind of coolant will be used, heating systems with natural circulation can be water or steam.

Here are the distinctive features of each type of heating.

Calculation of gravity system

To calculate and design heating with natural circulation, proceed in this order:

Find out the amount of heat needed to heat each room. Use our instructions for this.
Choose a non-volatile boiler - gas or solid fuel.
Develop a diagram based on one of the options proposed here. Divide the wiring into 2 branches - then the lines will not cross the front door of the house.
Determine the coolant flow for each room and calculate the pipe diameters.

Note. There is no need to calculate slopes; take the standard value of 0.5 cm per meter of length. Deviations up or down in the range of 0.7…0.2 cm/1 m are allowed.

It will not be possible to split it into 2 branches right away. This means that the ring pipeline will definitely pass under the threshold of the front door. To withstand all the slopes, the boiler will have to be placed in a pit.

The calculation of the diameter of the pipes in all sections of the gravity two-pipe system is done as follows:

We take the heat loss of the entire building (Q, W) and determine the mass flow rate of the coolant (G, kg/h) in the main line using the formula below. The temperature difference between supply and return Δt is taken equal to 25 °C. Then we convert kg/h to other units - tons per hour.
Using the following formula, we find the cross-sectional area (F, m²) of the main riser, substituting the value of the natural circulation speed ʋ = 0.1 m/s. We recalculate the area of the circle into diameter, we get the size of the main pipe suitable for the boiler.
We calculate the thermal load on each branch, repeat the calculations and find out the diameters of these lines.
We move on to the next rooms and again determine the diameters of the sections based on heat costs.
We select standard pipe sizes, rounding the resulting numbers up.

Let's give an example of calculating a gravity system in a one-story house of 100 square meters. The layout below already shows heating radiators and indicates heat losses. We start from the main boiler manifold and move towards the last rooms:

The amount of heat loss at home is Q = 10.2 kW = 10200 W. Coolant flow in the main riser G = 0.86 x 10200 W / 25 °C = 350.88 kg/h or 0.351 t/h.
The cross-sectional area of the supply pipe is F = 0.351 t/h / 3600 x 0.1 m/s = 0.00098 m², diameter d = 35 mm.
The load on the right and left branches is 5480 and 4730 W, respectively. Amount of coolant: G1 = 0.86 x 5480 / 25 = 188.5 kg/h or 0.189 t/h, G2 = 0.86 x 4730 / 25 = 162.7 kg/h or 0.163 t/h.
The cross section of the right branch is F1 = 0.189 / 3600 x 0.1 = 0.00053 m², the diameter will be 26 mm. Left branch: F2 = 0.163 / 3600 x 0.1 = 0.00045 m², d2 = 24 mm.
Lines DN32 and DN25 mm (rounded up) will come to the nursery and kitchen. Now we calculate the sizes of collectors for the bedroom and living room + corridor with heat losses of 2.2 and 2.95 kW, respectively. We get both diameters DN20 mm.

To connect small batteries, you can use DN15 connections (outer d = 20 mm), the plan shows DN20 dimensions

Attention! The diameters obtained as a result of calculations indicate the size of the internal passage of pipelines (designation - DN or DN).

All that remains is to pick up the pipes. If you make heating from steel, the boiler riser will be Ø48 x 3.5, the branches will be Ø42 x 3 and 32 x 2.8 mm. The remaining wiring, including connections to the batteries, is done with a 26 x 2.5 mm pipeline. The first digit of the size indicates the outer diameter, the second - the wall thickness (range of water and gas steel pipes).

Closed type

A closed system of pumpless coolant circulation is successfully used for heating one-story and two-story houses. It functions as follows:

when the coolant expands, excess liquid is forced out of the heating circuit;
the liquid enters a membrane-type expansion tank - this is a closed container with an elastic membrane that separates the part intended for the coolant and the section of the tank filled with air or nitrogen;
the heated liquid stretches the membrane, compressing the gas in the second section of the tank; when the coolant cools, the gas expands and pushes the liquid back into the system, as a result of which the water circuit constantly remains full.

Installing a membrane tank in a gravity heating circuit reduces the risk of corrosion of the metal elements of the system. But in Russia, this solution is used relatively rarely, since the cost of a membrane tank is several times higher than the cost of purchasing or independently manufacturing an open-type tank.

Varieties of radiator connection diagrams

It is typical that for good heating it is not enough that the boilers heat the water well. It is very important for the coolant to flow into the radiators to connect them correctly.

In practice, an unregulated series connection is used for a single-pipe connection. True, this problem can be avoided if you use a two-pipe system. This system also does not use a regulator, however, if the radiator becomes airy, the system will function since water will flow through the jumper (bypass). True, this option is not suitable for a system such as a warm floor.

Step by step guide

Work on installing polypropylene heating begins with bringing the pipes inside the room to “acclimatize” them and eliminate the consequences of expansion or contraction in the heat or severe frost.

The main work when connecting pipes is welding polypropylene (solder). For these purposes, you should choose a soldering iron. The process itself does not take much time and is simple. The main thing is to quickly connect the heated ends of the elements, being careful not to overheat them. The duration of heating depends on the diameter of the pipe. The larger it is, the longer the heating should be. The cross-section of the soldering device nozzle must correspond to the diameter of the pipe.

Pipe soldering technology

Step-by-step instructions for assembling the heating pipeline are as follows

a wiring diagram is drawn up;
Markings are made on the walls for all areas, following which the elements of the heating system will be laid;
fittings are selected;
the time allocated for installation and welding work is determined;
pipes are marked and cut into sections of a certain length, the cut is made at right angles to the axis;
to degrease and remove dust microparticles, the ends are wiped with alcohol, the dust is removed with a dry, clean cloth;
the soldering iron nozzle is degreased, placed in the working position and heated to +265 °C;
a fitting and a pipe are placed in the nozzle, they are heated together and connected to each other;
After waiting the necessary time for cooling, the connected section is attached to the wall using clips.

Do-it-yourself polypropylene heating also requires the installation of control equipment, a boiler, heating devices, an expansion tank, and a pump. Their installation is carried out according to the instructions and recommendations of the manufacturer.

Manufacturing Features

Self-circulation of water has a significant drawback - the lack of pressure in the system. Any deviation from the standards (small slope, violation of the bend radius of the pipe or an excessive number of turns) leads to malfunction. During installation, the following points are taken into account:

the need to ensure a minimum level of slope;
material and diameter of the pipes used.

Such standards are specified in the documentation. According to the norm, for every meter of distance a reduction of 10 mm must be observed.

If you do not adhere to this rule, the water circulation will be disrupted. The nearest radiators will warm up, but the heat will not reach the others. In some cases, boiling of the liquid may occur due to lack of water movement.

When installing the system yourself, the material from which the pipes are made is taken into account. It happens as follows:

1. Steel. The material is resistant to high pressure and inexpensive. Installation is difficult. Requires the use of a welding machine.
2. Metal-plastic. Thanks to the smooth inner surface, dirt does not linger on it. Light weight makes installation easy. However, the service life is only 15 years.
3. Polypropylene. The gravity heating system made of polypropylene is characterized by high strength and tightness. Installation is carried out using a soldering iron. The service life is 25 years.
4. Copper. The best material to use. Possessing good heat dissipation, it can withstand temperatures up to 500 °C. Operated for 100 years.

Before installation, the required diameter of the pipes used is calculated. First, the amount of thermal energy required to heat the room is calculated. Then 20% is added to the resulting value. Pipe diameters are selected taking this value into account. Some features are taken into account:

over-diameter leads to unnecessary energy use;
steel pipes with a diameter less than 50 mm are not installed;
After each branching, the pipes are narrowed by 1 size.

Source: oventilyacii.ru

I still didn’t understand your numbers, your 0.00000 = 0, in my opinion this is not a slope at all, but a straight horizontal pipe, or not? I have 0.3 and 0.5 degrees. In centimeters it turns out (I specially measured the supply pipe to the garage) for a height difference of 6 meters 6 centimeters. Question: is this enough or should I add more? If added, by how much?
I suggested that you download the distribution kit version 18 from my “Yandex disk” from the same place where the pictures of my SO are now located. After all, downloading (1.35GB) from a source is problematic, I left the computer overnight, and I was able to download from “turbobit” only the second or even the third time. And I suggest you install the same 18 version as mine. True, it is not suitable for (large) commerce, since if it is cracked, it can be tied up. After all, the new one is better than the old one, it seems to work a little faster than the 17th. But if you have a 17th license, then of course, my proposal will not suit you. Having installed the 18th version, I can send you a file at home (137 MB) and you will see everything naturally. After all, everything is made to size there; you can measure anything.
There is a small problem with manufacturers, as I understand, you are in Ukraine, and I am in Russia, and in our stores different manufacturers can sell their products, without duplicating them. Can you make a calculation based on average parameters? Or indicate your preference, and I will try to purchase pipes and fittings from this manufacturer. I indicated about the boiler in the first message of the topic, so as not to search, I will repeat, Gas boiler Proterm 30 TLO power 27 kW.
@Lyko, You are not being imitated as always, thank you again for the history of heating, I really liked it, thanks to you I now know how the heating system of my homeland (five-story building) works. Or maybe she worked, I can’t say for sure, because I haven’t been in the basement since the days of stealing pieces of carbide from plumbers, being, as it now turned out, in a happy childhood.
Why such a garden? I will answer. This “spider” with “crooked legs” was invented by me with the goal of no electricity in CO.
Pumps don’t work without electricity consumption, but why the extra consumption?
It’s better to work hard once, conscientiously, so that later you don’t have to pay off monthly (being retired) extra rubles for kilowatt-hours wasted by the pumps, and saddened by the realization that the money earned by back-breaking labor is being spent for other purposes. And I’ll also add about saving. I’m still confused about the eternal flame (pilot) in a gas boiler after reading a “customer scare” on some website that it eats up 1 cubic meter of gas per day. And it turns out it’s true that he eats it. Well, I, as an old “hardened” designer of cable television networks, and a former antenna operator who graduated from the 11th grade of a school for working youth. I picked up the Internet with Excel and calculated “rubles per month”, according to future tariffs from 07.2015. It turned out as I expected (gas is cheaper than electricity, no matter how you look at it). So from all this “my flood” there is only one conclusion: Savings
, and as a result, respect for the environment. Take care of your Mother nature, as Kasimova’s avatar2 says. But I didn’t save my mother, to my great regret, now it’s too late to repent, and she wanted to live in her own house for a little while...
Key phrase. I didn't design the bypasses. The valves on them “supposedly bypasses” are always closed when the radiator is not shut off (working) in the normal position. And I didn’t move it closer to the radiator for the same reason, why heat up an extra long pipe if I intentionally turned it off (for example: “I want it to be a little cooler here”).
The pipes and valves in the risers are the same 32nd everywhere, with the exception of two risers on which one battery hangs, there is a 25th pipe and the corresponding ball valves, of course. I think I wrote this in the first post. I can highlight these (25th) risers in the diagram, for example, in green, to make it clearer.
@Lyko, When designing this “sophisticated miracle” I assumed that it was a spider, but the spider has a classic design, all the pipes come from the expansion tank. But, when drawing the diagram, difficulties arose: 1. Difficulty with placing an “inverted ship mine”, i.e. a tank with a bunch of outlets, in the attic next to the boiler chimney. 2. The difficulty of making such a tank from stainless steel. Therefore, I attached all the outgoing pipes to the accelerating pipe, and attached the thinnest two 25 risers from the very top. Why? I don’t know, it seemed more convenient this way. I will also need to connect one pipe there to the indirect heating boiler, which will lie here in the attic side by side, about a meter or two from the accelerating pipe. In connection with this question. If I connect this pipe to the boiler at the very top of the accelerating pipe (almost under the very bottom of the expansion tank), will it be normal?

Source: www.forumhouse.ru

Mounting options

Conventionally, all piping options are divided into 2 types, depending on the principle of coolant flow through the circuit - with natural or forced circulation.

Natural circulation systems

Systems with natural circulation do not have a pump, and its function is performed by gravity

These are simple and cheap circuits that are easy to install due to the absence of a pump. Its function is performed by gravity, which drives the coolant of small heating systems in cottages or country houses. It is easier to tie a floor-standing boiler with polypropylene in this way, since in this case the system will consist of a boiler, an expansion tank and radiators, and will have a number of advantages:

Ease of installation;
Autonomous operation due to the absence of connection to fuel or electricity;
No need for special maintenance;
Compactness;
Reliability due to the absence of additional devices that periodically fail;
Availability.

Due to the impossibility of adjustment, it is modernized - a circulation pump is built into it, which allows the necessary manipulations to be performed.

Forced circulation systems

In systems with forced circulation, special devices are installed that ensure the movement of the coolant

These are circuits in which the coolant moves thanks to special devices. They are convenient because they allow you to set the optimal heating mode for each room, which will be maintained automatically. They operate on electricity, and this is not their only drawback.

They are difficult to install, as they require the connection of several devices - to take into account pressure and flow and to distribute energy when piping a wall-mounted double-circuit boiler.
They require balancing of devices.
Their serviceability must be checked regularly.
Elements for such systems are not cheap.

In houses with boilers with a power of over 50 kW and a “warm floor” system, when installing the piping, hydraulic arrows are used, thanks to which all devices are provided with heat in the required volume. Moreover, the pressure in different places of the system is compensated. You can replace hydraulic shooters with comb collectors.

Emergency circuits

Connecting two boilers allows the system to remain operational even if one of them fails

It is advisable to use them when piping double-circuit boilers, since they are responsible for the uninterrupted operation of heating in the event of a lack of electricity or other force majeure situations.

There are several effective options for such schemes:

Installation of an uninterruptible power supply to drive the circulation pump. But it has its drawbacks. Such a device may not work at the right time. In addition, it requires regular maintenance - charging the batteries.
Installation of a gravity circuit, which is necessary to remove excess heat. It turns on after the pump is turned off, but provides partial heating of the building.
Installation of an emergency circuit. Being part of the heating system, it is responsible for the uninterrupted operation of the gravity and forced circuits, but only when the pump is turned on.

Option to work with a wall-mounted boiler

Wiring a wall-mounted boiler has its advantages - you can connect a boiler and 'warm floors' to it

Its advantage is that it can be connected to “warm floors” and a boiler and can be used for a single-circuit or double-circuit boiler. In the latter case, the system can be assembled using a mixing circuit, when adjustment is carried out by a burner and a mixer with a servo drive, or in a straight line, when only the burner is activated.

The heat accumulator is mounted like a hydraulic arrow - between the direct supply and return.