Rules for replacing heating pipes: selection of materials and installation

In most city apartments, heating pipes have not been changed for decades. The heating network is very worn out. That is why in many private houses and apartments, even with the heating turned on at full strength, it is quite cool. The fault is the deterioration of the pipes. Many people change them even in new high-rise buildings. Changes are also made in houses.

Instructions for replacing heating pipes

Stages of installation of heating equipment

For simplicity, let’s assume that you already have a heating supply project, the necessary equipment (radiators, pipes, fittings, insulation), you just need to install it in the apartment.
Call us and outline the problem. Our manager will ask you a few questions to clarify the scope of work and make an approximate calculation of the cost of heating in your case. Approximate, because the final cost will be clear on the spot, after measuring the length of the pipes, the number of connections and clarifying other details. Professional heating work always begins with an on-site analysis of the project.
It is not always possible to implement a planned project, but you can get as close as possible to the desired result with minimal costs. For example, the pipes may not be suitable for the coolant in your home, then they will have to be replaced, along with the fittings. Or the selected beautiful radiators turn out to be too weak; in order to avoid leaks, we recommend strengthening or replacing them too. Our heating installation company provides a guarantee for all work carried out, because we care about your safety.

The nuances of cleaning entrances to an apartment building in case of flooding

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Using glue

Holes of small and medium sizes, cracks can be sealed. This option is temporary and is only suitable so as not to drain water from the riser or deprive the room of a heat source. After the heating season, the aluminum radiator must be removed in order to carry out high-quality repairs.

You can seal the hole using:

1. Epoxy glue.
2. Cement.
3. A solution called “cold welding”.

Repairing holes with epoxy glue

To use epoxy resin glue, you need to prepare fiberglass or thick fabric. Since any of these materials must be wrapped around the radiator, the use of such adhesive is limited. After all, not every place can be wrapped easily and tightly. For some versions of aluminum radiators, this method is not suitable at all.

To seal holes or cracks:

1. Cut the fabric into long narrow strips.
2. Clean the area from which water is flowing. That is, remove all paint that has peeled off and all particles that are easily removed. This is done with a spatula. Next, take a brush with metal bristles and clean the surface. There should be pure metal left. It happens that a crack appears in a place where it is impossible to reach with a brush. An iron cable can help in this situation. It is pushed through the desired part of the radiator and pulled by the ends one by one, cleaning the desired area. This area is then dried.
3. Apply glue to the treated area and wrap it with cloth.
4. Apply glue to the fabric and wind another turn. This should be done until there are 4-5 turns. No glue is applied to the top layer of fabric.
5. Secure the fiberglass using clamps or wire.
6. Wait for the glue to dry. It dries from 2 hours to 3 days. If the room temperature is 20-25 °C, then it will dry in 2-3 hours.

To enhance the properties of the glue, you can add aluminum or bronze powder to it. Such powder is obtained by grinding off an unnecessary aluminum or bronze part with a rasp. Before use, the glue and powder must be mixed well.

Cracks are repaired in the same way using cement. However, medical bandages should be used instead of cloth. They need to be soaked in the solution and wound around the radiator.

We use “cold welding”

It is very convenient for sealing cracks and holes. This is a putty that looks like plasticine. There are two types:

1. Single color.
2. Two-color.

The first type is easier to work with, since you need to cut off the desired piece and knead it with your hands. You should wear gloves on your hands, because the putty is chemically active and can harm the skin.

Two-color cold welding must be mixed until a homogeneous solution appears. It becomes sticky while mixing.

The fight against holes using “cold welding” is carried out as follows:

1. Clean the damaged area from dirt and paint.
2. Knead the cut piece of “cold welding”.
3. Apply the solution to the hole and rub it in (this is done with a metal spatula). To prevent the putty from remaining on the spatula, it must be moistened with water.
4. If after grouting the cork begins to come out (a bubble forms, which then bursts), it must be rubbed again with a spatula. This may have to be done before the “cold weld” has completely dried. It dries in 5 minutes.
5. Secure the plug with a clamp or rubber.

You can also seal the hole with heat-resistant sealant. However, you need to use the right sealant because there are acidic sealants that can corrode aluminum. Practitioners advise using neutral solutions.

Partitions

The interior of the kitchen and living room begins to be thought out from the junction of the two zones.

Here are some of the ways and objects that delimit space:
• installation of a bar counter;
• kitchen island;
• big table;
• installation of a low partition.

Designers advise installing a wide counter, since you can sit at it like at a regular table, and high chairs are quite suitable for the whole family.

However, in small rooms (16 sq m), narrow counters are installed. Kitchen islands are convenient to use, but are only suitable for large kitchen-dining rooms (25 sq m or 30 sq m). Capital low partitions are installed only if it has been decided in advance what they will be used for (for example, as a TV stand).

Extraneous noise

Sometimes noise may occur in the heating pipes - it can be either a knocking in the heating pipes, or various clicks, and a hum. Why are heating pipes noisy? There are several reasons:

• During operation, the diameter decreases.
• Pipes are leaking.
• A smaller pipe diameter was installed.

You may need to think about how to fix a leaking heating pipe. When you eliminate the leak, you will also eliminate the problem of noisy heating pipes.

Why are the heating pipes still humming? This may be a reduction in pipe diameter. You can hear the heating pipes knocking right on the spot. You need to walk along the pipes and find the reason why the heating pipes are clicking. Usually the source from which the heating pipes click is located in the basement - because there is more pressure here

It is very important to find in time the reason why the heating pipes are shooting, humming or making noise - because this could be a prerequisite for a serious problem

Possible errors and problems

The most common mistakes when replacing heating:

• using heating pipes that are not intended for this purpose;
• the diameter of the heating pipes does not match that described in the project;
• heating structure made of pipes made of different materials;
• heating wiring is done incorrectly;
• installation of a room thermostat, which controls the operation of the boiler, in the wrong place;
• lack of required headroom when installing heated floors;
• did not check the underfloor heating system for leaks before covering it with the finishing floor covering;
• they made a screed on a system of plastic pipes, but did not fill it with water;
• dilatation gaps are not made or made incorrectly;
• We turned on the heated floors for heating when the screed had not yet dried. Study the long-burning solid fuel boiler at the link.

Replacement of vertical heating pipes can be done in three cases:

• Overhaul of an apartment building.
• Construction and repair work related to changing the interior of the premises.
• Impossibility of further use of risers due to technical reasons.

At whose expense is the replacement of heating risers carried out? In accordance with the current legislation of our country, replacing risers is the responsibility of the service organization.

Here we are talking about risers that are the common property of residents, that is, about pipes located in entrances, attics, and basements. All work is carried out at the expense of the owners of the apartment building.

You need to know that the property of all residents of the house are the pipes to the valve, which is installed at the entrance to the apartment. The section of pipe after the valve is the responsibility of the homeowner.

In addition, if you live in the premises on the basis of a rental agreement, then the housing department will repair and replace pipes, and if the housing is privatized, then all work is carried out by the owner.

Standards for replacing risers

Any equipment has a limited service life. The equipment can only be operated within this period; later there is a big risk for the safety of residents.

Management companies should also monitor this. For each installed equipment there must be special documentation, which indicates all the deadlines and recommendations for carrying out repair work.

There are two modes for replacing heating pipes:

1. Planned – at the end of the operational life.
2. Emergency – in case of emergency breakdowns.

The guaranteed service life of heating pipes is at least 25 years. Even if visually and actually the pipes look completely normal and safe after this period, they still need to be replaced.

Nowadays, cast iron pipes are increasingly being replaced with polypropylene ones, due to a number of advantages of the latter . They are durable and economical and can last from 50 to 100 years.

Installation - heating, water supply, sewerage turnkey.

In a country house, installation of water supply and sewerage begins with the preparation of the project. It takes into account the location of each tap, washbasin and toilet. You will have to calculate the amount of insulation for sewer pipes and other nuances. If the system is installed in an apartment, you must first remove elements of old communications.

We will carry out installation of heating and water supply on a turnkey basis and with a quality guarantee. Our teams work in Moscow and the region, offering affordable prices. When we finish installing or repairing utility networks, the room will remain clean and all parts of the system will be neatly assembled.

It is better to start installing sewerage, heating and water supply during the construction of a country house or major renovation of an apartment. But we also work on finished objects. After drawing up the project, the employee will prepare an estimate, purchase the necessary materials and send a team to you to carry out the work. And the result will definitely please you.

Zoning

Designers do not advise giving in to fashion trends and copying design ideas without taking into account dimensions, location and other nuances. Before planning and arranging furniture, every detail is thought through.

There are several simple rules that experts advise you to follow:

• Let the room have natural light. To do this, remove excess walls (except for load-bearing ones).
• If the rooms in the apartment are small (12 sq. m or 16 sq. m), the layout of the kitchen combined with the dining room will be the right solution.
• If the ventilation system is not designed correctly, the smell of food will spread throughout the apartment.

What can be done?

There are many options for organizing heat supply: you can install individual heating with a gas or electric boiler, you can reschedule the heat supply so that it is convenient, you can simply replace the heating pipes with new ones. The first two options will save you from problems with heat, but in an apartment building they will require lengthy and complex approvals - independent major changes are illegal. However, simply installing heating with new pipes and radiators will solve many problems.

Most often, heating installation in Moscow is required for the following reasons:

a) due to scale, old batteries no longer heat up as before,

b) worn pipes leak and do not conduct coolant,

c) old batteries do not fit into the interior.

Our specialists will help you calculate the required number of batteries (sometimes you just need to add a couple of new radiators), select equipment that is suitable in design and construction, draw up a diagram and, finally, install and mount it all in the apartment. Qualified installation of water heating in your apartment will help you enjoy the warmth at any time of the year and protect you from leaks and unexpected accidents.

Whose property is the sewer riser

Legislative documents

If pipes leak outside the apartment, utility workers must repair them, without charging additional fees.

1. The term “common property” is contained in Art. No. 36 Housing Code of Russia. In addition, in the “Rules for the maintenance of common household property”, which were introduced by the Government of the Russian Federation by its Resolution No. 491 of 08/13/06.

Paragraph 5 of this document indicates that cold and hot water supply risers are part of the common property of the copyright holders of apartments in a residential building.

1. As for the sewerage system, its property ownership is determined by paragraph No. 5 of Russian Government Decree No. 354. Below is a quote from this document.

“The common property of apartment owners in a residential building means the building’s drainage engineering infrastructure. It includes sewer outlets, shaped elements, plugs, risers, waste and exhaust pipes, branches of risers to butt joints in apartments.”

Note! Since sewer pipes are common property, they must be maintained and repaired by the company that services your home. Funds for this are taken from the monthly utility bills of apartment owners

1. In other words, the instructions clearly say that you do not have to pay anything extra to your utility companies if a sewer pipe that is located outside your apartment leaks.

What to do in case of an accident

1. If your apartment is flooded, write a request to the management company. When there is an emergency, call the emergency service.

Sample Leak Report.

1. Employees of these bodies, in the presence of witnesses and interested parties, will draw up a “Leak Report”.
2. The document will record which apartments were flooded, indicate the cause of the problem, describe the damaged property, etc.
3. This act is extremely important because it names the culprit of the situation.

For example, if it is proven that homes were flooded due to a rotten riser, then the blame will fall on the utility workers. Then the question: “the sewer riser is leaking - who should repair it” should not arise.

When experts determine that the owner of the apartment changed equipment without obtaining permission, or caused mechanical damage to the system, he will be to blame.

Connecting radiators

The modern building materials market is distinguished by a wide selection of radiators: aluminum, bimetallic, copper, traditional cast iron, etc., of all shapes, colors and sizes that can harmoniously fit into any interior.

Most often, batteries are installed under a window opening, at an equal distance from the floor and window sill, and at a distance of 5-10 cm from the wall. This allows you to evenly distribute thermal energy throughout the room, as well as eliminate the unpleasant effect of “crying” windows, shifting the dew point.

Radiators are suspended on special brackets, after which they are checked for level. Correctly set horizontal line will have a positive effect on flow and reduce air accumulation. To increase heat transfer, the wall behind the radiator can be additionally shielded.

Next, pipes made of the selected material are connected to the batteries, the necessary shut-off elements, plugs, Mayevsky taps, etc. are connected.

Upon completion of the required installation stages, air is bled from the finished heating system and a leak test is carried out. To do this, coolant is supplied to the system, and this should be done extremely carefully, avoiding the possibility of water hammer. The joints are carefully examined for leaks. If they are identified, the problematic connection will have to be redone.

Common installation mistakes

Before installation, it is recommended to practice soldering pipes on unnecessary material.
Having decided to replace the heating in their home, many people try to save as much as possible on everything. This is the main mistake, since cheap products will not serve for a long time and with high quality.

The most common mistakes that experts make are:

• they forget to install valves to bleed air;
• do not place protective material under pipes when welding and cutting them;
• distort and rotate plastic sections in fittings when soldering;
• Pipe joints are welded poorly.

When installing heating, you need to pay attention to every little detail, as it can cause failure of the entire system.

Installation and replacement of heating, water supply and sewerage pipes

The SantekhKomplekt company offers its services for the replacement (installation) of all types of pipes. In our company, you can independently choose the material from which installation, installation, and replacement of pipes will be carried out. be it a riser for cold and hot water supply, installation of pipes for a heating system or sewerage system. When performing pipe replacement work, we use only high-quality materials.

Types of installation (replacement) of heating and water supply pipes

• Installation of metal-plastic pipes
• Installation of polypropylene pipes
• Installation of copper pipes
• Installation of steel pipes
• Installation of various plastic and polymer pipes

Installation of metal-plastic pipes

This type of pipe is used for internal (inside walls and screed) and external distribution of water supply and heating pipes. These pipes are inexpensive, easy to use and easy to bend.

Installation of polypropylene pipes

Polypropylene is used for external plumbing and heating; they are also not difficult to work with and are more aesthetically pleasing. When installing pipes in cottages, polypropylene pipes are most often used. 85-90% of cottage owners choose them. When installing heating, pipes made of reinforced polypropylene are used.

Installation of copper pipes

Installation of copper pipes is carried out when laying heating and water supply pipes, mainly in apartments and country houses. Despite the higher cost, copper pipes are very popular due to their high technical characteristics and durability (the service life of copper pipes is more than 50 years).

Let's consider this example: you don't want to change the radiator, but the pipe going to the neighbors from above has already served its purpose, and the section from the ceiling to the radiator needs to be replaced. Find out if there is water in the system, and be sure to ask your neighbors above and below if they have replaced the radiators, is the original pipe still in place, or is it polypropylene? It is necessary to find out if heating radiators are installed in a new way. and connected with polypropylene transition couplings, then when you cut the pipe and start threading, the pipe in the ceiling may turn, and you will also redo it for your neighbor.

1 example. The neighbor above has radiators lined with polypropylene. You also need to run the riser with the same pipes (for heating, use only “shtabi” pipes) and the same diameter. We cut off the iron pipe, cut off the transition coupling, pull the pipe out of the ceiling, insert a polypropylene pipe into the ceiling, and solder to the neighbor through the polypropylene coupling,

the same as when replacing water pipes. Don't forget to remove the foil layer with a special stripper on the stacked pipe (soldering polypropylene pipes). If your radiators are connected without a jumper, then it’s easier, unscrew the rest of the pipe from the radiator, screw in a faucet with an American connection, screw the adapter into the faucet and solder it to the riser. If the radiator is of the chord type, then cut a thread on the pipe, screw in the tap, screw the adapter onto the American one, and solder it to the heating riser in the same way. If the connection to the battery is with a jumper, then do the same as when installing a radiator (correct installation of heating radiators).

When replacing old heating systems, more and more people are choosing polypropylene products.

Polypropylene pipes are especially distinguished by their ease of installation combined with sufficient practicality of the products.

Polypropylene has a number of advantages over metal:

• corrosion resistance;
• high strength, while it is several times lighter than metal;
• the inner surface of the pipes is protected from the formation of lime deposits;
• the material is heat-saving;
• does not affect the chemical composition of water;
• absence of water noise as it passes through the pipes;
• long service life without the need for repairs;
• aesthetic appearance;
• relative ease of installation.

Reasons for replacing the heating system

In apartment buildings and private houses of old construction, radiators made of cast iron or steel were installed. This material is prone to corrosion and dirt sticking to the walls, which leads to blockages and leaks. But even modern radiators installed in new houses can fail. There are a number of possible reasons why heating pipes may fail and need to be replaced.

Replacing old pipes with bimetallic ones

1. Incorrectly installed circuit. There are a number of rules, technologies for assembling heating in an apartment, and the order of arrangement of the main elements (taps, pumps, expansion chamber). Trying to reduce the cost of housing, developers save on installing all the necessary fittings. For example, if repairmen did not provide shut-off valves when connecting the radiator, then it will be impossible to remove it for repair or cleaning. You will need to turn off all water supply to the system. It also happens that some unscrupulous craftsmen make changes on their own, without thinking about the consequences, which they then have to resort to completely replacing the riser and heating pipes
2. Low temperature. This is a fairly common reason for redoing your design. The lack of heat can be completely corrected by simply replacing the batteries or increasing the diameter of the pipes.
3. Incorrectly created wiring system. It depends on the circuit how exactly the water will circulate in the radiators, and whether the supply and return directions coincide. If the circuit is chosen incorrectly, you will have to completely redo the entire heating system.
4. High breathability. For high temperature structures, diffusion is a big problem. The material from which the pipeline is made can allow air to pass through. The presence of air accumulations in the hydraulic system can cause serious problems and lead to cavitation processes, that is, the occurrence of noise and water hammer. According to established standards, it is allowed to use materials that have an anti-diffusion coating, the penetration coefficient of which is not higher than 100 mg/m2 per day.

Nevertheless, experts identify two main problems when replacing heating pipes is required:

• Severe wear of the pipeline. This is especially true in old houses where metal structures predominate. Over a long service life, they become overgrown with deposits and cease to function effectively.
• Carrying out major repairs. If you have a private house and you decide to remodel, change the location of the boiler or boiler. If this is an apartment building, then a planned overhaul of the riser and pipes in the basement is carried out.

Accumulation of rust and dirt in cast iron batteries

But whatever the reason, it will take a lot of effort and financial costs to create a high-quality heating pipeline. To do this, first select the material from which the structure will be made.

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Professional replacement of pipes in your apartment

Any water system, having served its life, requires replacement. This replacement of water pipes in an apartment is caused by several reasons:

— the presence of a large number of leaks;

- abundant sediment of salts and oxides;

- rust;

— low quality water at the outlet;

— incorrect laying and wiring;

— inconvenient and unaesthetic arrangement of pipes.

An old and clogged water supply is not only inconvenient, but also dangerous. Rust and salt deposits in pipes, even with very good filters, enter the body along with water. A dirty pipeline can lead to indigestion and infectious diseases if E. coli enters through microcracks in the pipe walls. Such water supply is especially dangerous in hot weather.

Replacing the water supply system in your apartment will help you get rid of all the troubles with drinking water, which will be carried out quickly and efficiently by qualified specialists of our company.

Modern pipes are more environmentally friendly and easier to install. They do not accumulate rust, almost no salts are deposited, they will last for many years, providing the apartment with clean water.

Our specialists work with any pipes. For this, there is the necessary equipment and tools for welding, gluing or soldering pipes, depending on their type.

Metal-plastic pipes

Metal-plastic pipe This is the most common option today.
This is explained simply - very easy and affordable installation, plus the inexpensive cost of materials. It turns out to be a kind of budget-home option. This pipe is a five-layer structure in which the outer and inner polyethylene layers are glued to an aluminum layer with adhesive layers. The result is a kind of sandwich that is easy to bend and assemble.

Advantages of a metal-plastic pipe:

• Easy to assemble. Repairing pipes in an apartment is like putting together a children's construction set.
• Pipeline cost. This is the most economical method of piping.
• Savings on workers' compensation. The amount saved is quite significant. You yourself are quite capable of assembling the entire pipe at the proper level, unless you change the valves at the entrance to the apartment with the help of professionals.
• You can always cut into a finished pipeline, and it won’t take much time.

Minuses:

• Over time, the connections will become loose and will need to be tightened. Therefore, such a pipe can only be hidden in the floor or walls if it is installed using press equipment.
• Quite low reliability. The joints may begin to leak as a result of water hammer or a large temperature difference.

Advice: when choosing a pipe, make sure that it does not flake and is seamless. Otherwise, you won’t have any hassle during installation.

There are a number of nuances in how to properly connect metal-plastic pipes:

1. Cut the pipe with special scissors, which you hold strictly perpendicular to the pipe. Otherwise, an uneven cut will cause problems when tightening the fitting nut.

Cutting a metal-plastic pipe

1. Calibrate the edge of the pipe with the nut and ring on to ensure an even calibration without distortion.

Pipe calibration

1. Use a spring-loaded pipe bender whenever possible. A metal-plastic pipe bends very easily, but if the bend is significant, it can simply “fold.”

What sets our company apart from others

There are several reasons that make people turn to us:

• extensive experience of our craftsmen - we can perform all plumbing work without exception;

commitment - having taken on a job, we bring it to the end;

responsibility – we are responsible for the quality of our work;

reasonable prices - we do not inflate prices so that our services are accessible to everyone;

efficiency – we do our work not only efficiently, but also quickly;

politeness – our dispatchers respect their clients, they will politely and thoroughly answer all your questions asked by phone;

preliminary agreement – ​​you can agree with us in advance about any plumbing work in your home, our specialists will carry it out at a time convenient for you.

By choosing our company, you can be sure that all work will be completed with high quality and on time.

Answers to the most popular questions:

— The neighbors are against changing the riser, and I want to change it only in my apartment. If a rusty pipe suddenly breaks in the interfloor ceiling, who will be responsible and won’t I have to pay for repairs from my neighbors?

You can only change the riser in your own apartment - however, do not forget that if a pipe bursts due to your fault, then you will be responsible for the repair and restoration of someone else’s property.

The emergency service can decide who is to blame for the problem, which will come to the call and fix the problem. In this company you can receive a document that will confirm your innocence, or vice versa, guilt.

— The management company officially changes the risers in all apartments. One neighbor refuses to provide access to the riser. Could I change the risers by missing one apartment?

Yes they can. This point must be coordinated with the technical communication plans of your home.

If the head of the repair team can complete the task, then they can skip one riser on the floor.

— The risers are in disrepair, the neighbor refuses to provide access. Can housing office workers, together with the police, break down his doors?

No. A definite answer. The police do not have the right to resolve access issues in this way. Any police officer or district police officer will tell you that you can sue and, with a decision, demand that your neighbor organize access to the riser.

As for the housing office, it also cannot influence the homeowner by force, only through conversation.

— Is it possible to change the risers to plastic ones if the neighbor is against it?

Can. The main thing is to approach the installation of polypropylene wisely. It is perfect for cold water supply.

Practice shows that plastic pipes do not always fit under the riser.
Still have questions? Just call us:

Creation of new heating

Installation of a new structure for conducting heat into the room is carried out using several schemes: single-pipe and two-pipe wiring. The latter option is considered more effective and reliable.

If the work is carried out in a private house, you will need to first install the boiler. Connection of heating and gas equipment can only be carried out by a specialist. After equipping the boiler room, it is necessary to mark out the future heating structure as a whole. Further work is carried out according to the following scheme:

• Connection of riser pipes with intermediate pipes to radiators is carried out;
• Bimetallic radiators are being installed. Before mounting the battery on the wall, you can glue a sheet of foil to reduce heat loss. You can also create a canopy on the battery that will protect the window sill from heating and allow hot air to be directed directly into the room;
• To connect plastic pipes, fittings are used, which must first be treated with sealant;
• Before pulling the pipes, wrap the end with film to prevent dirt from getting inside;
• Next, the system is filled with water and passes through all elements under maximum pressure;
• In new houses, they began to replace water with antifreeze in the heating system. The liquid is resistant to low temperatures. It does not freeze even at -50 degrees.

Installation of a new heating structure
The assembled structure must be checked. For this purpose, a special device is used - a presser. It creates increased pressure in the system to check the reliability and tightness of joints and pipes. If the sensor readings did not change during the test, then the tests were successful and there will be no leaks.

Using the information provided, you can replace and make a new high-quality heating system yourself.

Copper pipes

Copper pipes were previously considered elite when there were no plastic pipelines.

Copper has a number of positive properties for which it continues to be praised to this day:

• The antibacterial effect of copper is well known, which is the main reason for its use.
• Thermal conductivity. Copper is an excellent heat transfer agent, allowing it to operate over a very wide temperature range, especially in the refrigeration industry. Copper does not become brittle at low temperatures.
• Reliability and aesthetics. Copper withstands high pressure, its linear expansion is minimal, i.e. it does not “play” when temperatures change.
• Copper is a natural, environmentally friendly material.

Dismantling old pipes and risers

Emergency replacement of heating risers is the most unpleasant and difficult case. According to the law, repairs must be carried out by the management company, but if this is your personal desire, you will need to comply with some rules.

If you are going to change the riser and the entire system inside the apartment. You will need permission from your neighbors, and you must notify them and the utility company about the upcoming repairs. In cases where the waste structure is changed from a valve indoors, no permit is required. Dismantling the old system is carried out in the following sequence:

• Liquid is drained from all pipes and batteries and the water supply is shut off;
• If the pipeline is made of metal, you will need a grinder, which is used to cut off old products. When the riser is replaced on all floors, it must be cut so that the structure does not crack and is easy to remove;
• Old radiators are disconnected from the pipeline using wrenches.

These steps will help you remove unnecessary elements and allow you to proceed with installing a new system.

What difficulties with the law may arise if you carry out the work yourself?

The legislation of the Russian Federation does not prohibit apartment residents from changing the risers located in their premises. However, according to Articles 44 and 46 of the Housing Code, they are considered common property, and any changes without approval are considered a violation of property rights. In practice, there will be no problems if the system operates reliably and no one has any complaints.

Everything changes when a defect is discovered on the installed pipe. Further, serious problems and punishments will appear:

• the management company will refuse to repair the system with an unauthorized change;
• If neighbors are flooded, the blame will fall entirely on the citizen who committed the unauthorized action.

The owner, represented by the management company, may demand new repairs at the expense of the tenant. For example, if you install a plastic riser without authorization, you may be required to return the metal pipe.

Materials

Steel. Reliable and the cheapest material available on the market. When used in combination with HMS, it is almost eternal. HMS is a system that prevents impurities contained in the coolant from settling on the inner surface of the pipes.

But when using metal pipes, there are several obstacles that are difficult to overcome on your own:

• tools are needed: a welding machine, pipe dies, a pipe bender, etc. - they will need to be either purchased or rented.
• You will need the ability to perform high-quality pipe welding, otherwise you will have to hire a specialist;

Polypropylene (PRP). Replacing the heating system with polypropylene is a worthy alternative to steel pipes. In terms of its characteristics, PRP is in no way inferior to them. In multi-storey buildings it is also valuable because the material does not transmit sound to all floors when hitting the pipes. The only thing you should remember is that the pipes should not be water pipes, but special ones for heating systems (pressure marking PN25 and higher).

Polypropylene pipes - Photo 2

https://youtube.com/watch?v=fKf2kG7gHvw

Important! It is not recommended to purchase fittings and pipes from different manufacturers. It may turn out that it will take different temperatures and times to melt them

The connection may become problematic.

Other polymers. Here we can definitely say that replacing heating in an apartment using pipes made of modified polyethylene (PER) is categorically not recommended. This material has a fundamental drawback - a very low softening point, only 65 degrees. In addition, due to its high “slipperiness”, metal fittings are poorly fixed on it and leaks often occur. Such pipes do not serve for more than 10 years - this is for the middle zone, and even less in high latitudes.

Metal-plastic. Slightly more expensive than PRP pipes. In addition, this material also has technical disadvantages: it is afraid of shocks, fitting connections often leak for no apparent reason, large heat losses in the mains due to the small thickness of the pipe walls. However, installing a heating system with your own hands using such pipes is beneficial: they bend easily without the use of tools, therefore, you can save on buying expensive fittings, and you can not pay attention to heat loss - it will not go anywhere - it will remain inside the apartment.

Copper. No matter what anyone says, copper cannot be used in heating systems. It's not even a matter of the high cost of non-ferrous metal - the main problem is in soldering, or more precisely in tin, a component of solder. During operation, it changes its structure and connections become unreliable and fragile. And at high temperatures this process only accelerates.

Copper pipes - Photo 3

Summarize. The optimal choice for apartments in high-rise buildings would be polypropylene risers and the same or metal-plastic wiring.

Before purchasing materials, it is necessary to finally decide what type of installation of the heating system was in the apartment and options for laying heating pipes. As for the schemes, there are only two of them: one-pipe and two-pipe, and it is impossible to change them in an already built house or in a separate apartment. There is a choice when it comes to routing options. If, simultaneously with the replacement of pipes, repairs are carried out with the opening of the floors, then hidden wiring can be made under the floor. After this, it will become clear how much and what materials you need to buy.

Important! Simultaneously with the purchase of pipes, it is necessary to purchase shut-off valves, one tap for the supply and return of each heating device. This will make it possible, if necessary, to replace radiators without shutting down the entire system.

Classification of plastic pipes

There are several polymer-based materials. The final products differ in their composition and production technology, so before purchasing you need to study them in order to choose the best option.

The following types of plastic pipes are found on the market:

1. Metal-plastic (MP) . This material is made, as the name suggests, of metal and plastic. This combination can withstand exposure to both low and high temperatures – certain types of metal-plastic pipes can operate at a carrier temperature of 900 degrees. The main disadvantage of this material is its low flexibility, so bending the pipes must be done very carefully.
2. Polyethylene (PE) . Polyethylene pipes can be installed even at sub-zero temperatures, which is why they are often used for urgent repairs. When choosing PE pipes, you need to pay attention to the fact that it can be designed to work under conditions of either low or high pressure.
3. Cross-linked polyethylene (PES) . This material is made under pressure using various additives, and the method of its production is called “cross-linking” - hence the name. Cross-linked polyethylene can be used both in water supply and heating systems - the characteristics allow the pipes to operate at a fairly high temperature.
4. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) . One of the components used for the production of PVC pipes is chloride, the effect of which on the human body cannot be called positive. Polyvinyl chloride pipes are not used when laying household pipelines.
5. Polypropylene (PP) . Polypropylene pipes are the optimal material for laying water supply systems. The multilayer design provides such pipes with good strength and the ability to operate at high temperatures. Among the disadvantages, it is worth noting very poor elasticity and the inability to painlessly replace individual elements - the connection of polypropylene pipes is carried out by welding, so the damaged areas will have to be completely cut out.

First steps in the event of an emergency

How to wrap a heating pipe? If you have a couple of clamps with rubber seals in stock at home, you can prevent some emergency situations. In the event of an accident, the most important thing to do is to shut off the coolant supply to the area where the heating pipe is leaking.

Covering the heating riser of a multi-storey building

You will need to stop the heating boiler, turn off the pump and turn off the necessary taps and valves. The clamp will solve the problem temporarily, so repairs will still be inevitable. Before you begin the repair, you will need to prepare the necessary materials and tools, turn off the heating, turn off all taps and drain the water from the system. Depending on the material from which the pipes are made, repairs can be carried out in various ways.

Correct thread installation

Threading pipes may seem like a simple task to an experienced professional, but the process may be unfamiliar to a novice pipe fitter.

So what you need to pay close attention to

• Using a file or turbine, it is necessary to remove the chamfer, after which an entry for the die will be made.
• The die with the holder on the long side is placed on the tube. This operation is necessary for a perpendicular entry of the die onto the pipe.
• Short threads are applied to the riser, not exceeding five threads. The thread is applied strictly clockwise.
• When the die approaches the edge of the tube, it is worth pressing the holder as powerfully as possible with all your might.
• After cutting the first thread, you need to hold the riser with a gas wrench. The maximum force is applied so that the rotational moment of the die can be compensated, since otherwise it will be possible to break the thread of the riser on the floor above or below.
• If a convector is mounted for welding, then there is no need to hold the structure, since it is impossible to tear out such a riser.
• It is necessary to cut a long thread on the connection to the radiator and on the outlet in the jumper.
• During the cutting process, a piece of tube must be fixed with a vice in order not to destroy the structure of the already cut thread.

Features of installation of one-pipe and two-pipe heating systems

Before you start laying the pipeline, it is worth deciding which of the two heating schemes will be implemented in the apartment: one-pipe or two-pipe. Each option has the right to exist and has its own strengths and weaknesses:

• A single-pipe system assumes the presence of a single pipeline through which the media circulates. The heating of radiators in such a scheme occurs unevenly, since the carrier reaches the furthest fuel elements when it has already cooled down greatly. But you will definitely be able to save on the implementation of such a project, since much less pipes and connecting elements will be required.
• A two-pipe heating system has two working circuits through which the media circulates. Through the first (supply) hot water flows into the radiators, through the second, the cooled medium is collected from the radiators and removed for subsequent heating. In such a system, you can replace one or more elements at any time without disconnecting the entire riser. However, for all these advantages you will have to pay for double the number of pipes, taps and connecting elements.

We recommend that you read: Which gutters for water collection should you prefer: metal or plastic?

When is the best time to change the system?

The best time is summer. The pipes are empty, so you don’t have to worry about complaints from your neighbors next door. There is enough time to think through the project to the smallest detail, consult with specialists if necessary, go shopping and stock up on materials, and then slowly and carefully make the replacement. But you will be able to test it only at the beginning of the heating season. However, in emergency cases or when leaks begin to appear frequently, you will have to start replacing, regardless of the time of year.

The main causes of leaks and their locations

The most common reason for damage to any steel heating pipe is caused by oxidation of the material, when a fistula appears in the pipe. From the inside, water is almost constantly in motion, but from the outside, the metal is often exposed to moisture, air and temperature fluctuations, which contributes to the rusting of the pipe. This is the reason for the appearance of a leak in the most vulnerable place of the heating system.

Many of you may be wondering whether polyethylene pipes leak, because they do not oxidize like steel pipes. Naturally, in this case, the chance of leaks occurring is much less - the reasons for their occurrence will be of a slightly different nature. For example, heating pipes made of polypropylene and polyethylene may leak if they are incorrectly selected, that is, if they are used for other purposes.

This problem often arises among people who, for a number of reasons, decided to save money when building a heating system. Quite often, people buy PP pipes for cold water, which is a gross violation. The fact is that under the influence of high temperature, pipes undergo deformation, swell or burst. This in turn can greatly damage your home and your neighbors. As a result, there is no need to talk about any savings; on the contrary, at the end of the heating period, a significant part of the system will need to be replaced.

However, such a problem can arise even for those craftsmen who decide to use metal-plastic pipes for heating systems. In fact, even such heating pipes leak, and again the problems will need to be solved quickly so as not to harm anyone.

As a rule, the heating pipe leaks in the following places:

on a flat section of the pipeline;

in places where pipes are joined (on fittings or threads);

at the junction of pipe sections.

Based on where the heating pipe leaked, the sealing method will be determined.

Methods for eliminating leaks

Once you have become familiar with the causes of leaks, it is worth moving on to considering ways to eliminate them. To date, several methods have been invented for sealing damaged pipes.

If the leak has formed on an even section of the pipeline, then you can use a fairly well-known method: rewind the damaged area with a piece of soft rubber and tighten tightly with a piece of wire or a clamp (for more details: “Types of repair clamps for pipes and rules for their use”). Just make sure that the piece of rubber is several centimeters wider than the damaged piece.

It is worth noting that to obtain a reliable screed, it is better to use a plumbing pipe clamp, which can be found in any plumbing store.

How to fix a leak in a heating pipe

This approach will make it possible to get rid of the leak, so that the system can be properly modified until the end of the heating period, after which it will be possible to safely carry out all the work to replace damaged pipes.

Alternatively, you can purchase a ready-made bandage with rubber sealing and clamps in the store. The process of neutralizing the leak in this case will be the same as in the previous version.

Sometimes a situation arises when a heating pipe drips at the joint (on a fitting or on a thread) - what to do in this case, you ask? In this case, it will be a little more difficult to solve the problem.

For example, you can use the same factory bandage, but you just need to replace the rubber seal with a longer piece of rubber. They wrap it around the end of the pipes together with the fitting in such a way as to equalize the difference in size, and carefully clamp it using clamps. And even though the bandage will come out a little skewed, the damaged section of pipe will become quite airtight.

If a leak appears at the junction of the sections, and its size is small, then to temporarily eliminate the problem you need to take a fabric soaked in some kind of heat- and moisture-repellent glue and carefully rewind the problem area with it. After the glue hardens, the fabric will seal the leak.

Among the ways to eliminate a leak in a heating or hot water supply pipe, one can also name the use of special compounds for sealing, “cold welding,” as well as other synthetic materials.

It is worth noting that if you find that a heating pipe or water supply is leaking, fixing the leak using one of the above methods is only a temporary solution. At the end of the heating season, all faulty areas need to be partially or completely replaced in order for the system to function fully and without failures.

Features of the horizontal pipe laying scheme

Scheme of horizontal heating in a two-story house

In the overwhelming majority, a horizontal two-pipe heating system with bottom wiring is installed in one or two-story private houses. But, in addition, it can be used to connect to centralized heating. A feature of such a system is the horizontal arrangement of the main and return (for two-pipe) lines.

When choosing this piping system, it is necessary to take into account the nuances of connecting to various types of heating.

Central horizontal heating

To draw up an engineering diagram, you should be guided by SNiP 41–01–2003. It states that the horizontal distribution of the heating system must ensure not only proper circulation of the coolant, but also ensure its metering. For this purpose, two risers are installed in apartment buildings - with hot water and for receiving cooled liquid. A calculation of a horizontal two-pipe heating system, which includes the installation of a heat meter, is required. It is installed on the inlet pipe immediately after connecting the pipe to the riser.

In addition, hydraulic resistance in certain sections of the highway is taken into account

This is important, since the horizontal distribution of the heating system will only work effectively if the appropriate coolant pressure is maintained

In most cases, for multi-apartment buildings, a single-pipe horizontal heating system with bottom wiring is installed. Therefore, when choosing the number of sections in radiators, you need to take into account their distance from the central distribution riser. The farther the battery is located, the larger its area should be.

Autonomous horizontal heating

Heating with natural circulation

In a private house or apartment without a connection to the central heating supply, a horizontal heating system with bottom wiring is most often chosen. However, it is necessary to take into account the operating mode - with natural circulation or forced under pressure. In the first case, a vertical riser is installed immediately from the boiler to which the horizontal sections are connected.

The advantages of this arrangement for maintaining a comfortable temperature level include the following:

• Minimum costs for purchasing consumables. In particular, a horizontal single-pipe heating system with natural circulation does not include a circulation pump, a membrane expansion tank and protective fittings - air vents;
• Reliability of operation. Since the pressure in the pipes is equal to atmospheric pressure, the excess temperature is compensated using an expansion tank.

But there are also disadvantages to be noted. The main one is the inertia of the system. Even a well-designed horizontal single-pipe heating system for a two-story house with natural circulation will not be able to quickly heat the premises. This is explained by the fact that the heating network begins to move only after reaching a certain temperature. For houses with a large area (from 150 sq. m.) and with two floors or more, a horizontal heating system with bottom wiring and forced circulation of liquid is recommended.

Heating with forced circulation and horizontal pipes

Unlike the scheme described above, there is no need to make a riser for forced circulation. The coolant pressure in a horizontal two-pipe heating system with bottom wiring is created using a circulation pump. This is reflected in improved performance:

• Quick distribution of hot water throughout the entire line;
• Possibility of adjusting the volume of coolant for each radiator (only for a two-pipe system);
• A smaller area is required for installation since there is no distribution riser.

In turn, horizontal wiring of the heating system can be combined with a collector one. This is relevant for long-distance pipelines. This way you can achieve even distribution of hot water throughout all rooms of the house.

When calculating a horizontal two-pipe heating system, it is necessary to take into account the rotary units; it is in these places that the hydraulic pressure losses are greatest.

Methods for measuring water pressure in a pipeline

Often, the pressure in the water supply in the apartment does not provide the necessary water pressure and it is difficult for a person to even wash the dishes. Household appliances also suffer from this. Standards have been developed to resolve the issue.

The apartment owner needs to follow the step-by-step algorithm:

1. Study the legislation and know what the pressure should be for normal water flow.
2. Protect household appliances from damage. For example, a washing machine will not be able to start working if the pressure is insufficient. Moreover, the device may break.
3. Detect the time when the pressure is unstable, record the indicators on photo or video media.
4. Try to identify the cause of the problem.
5. Enter special measuring instruments and if the defect is poor supply, then file a complaint.

Before filing a complaint, you need to find out the reason, and there can be many of them:

1. The pipeline is clogged and therefore the pipe does not allow water to flow under normal pressure.
2. The pressure may jump due to a network outage or water supply level.
3. The low flow is caused by a breakdown at the station.
4. Stagnation in the riser.
5. If one side of the pipeline is functioning and the other is not, there may be a leak or blockage somewhere.

Inspection in buildings is faster and does not require additional manipulations, because during the construction of houses, pressure gauges are initially installed. This is especially true for the private sector. To make accurate measurements, it is enough to record the indicators that the device produces throughout the day.

In old panel MKDs with a large number of floors, such devices are not provided, unless a person has made an insert for himself. If the situation has not changed during the day, then it is worth ruling out an emergency situation at the station and trying to take measurements.

Special instruments for measuring water pressure in an apartment

The stream must flow without interruption, and the pressure must comply with the approved standard. If the flow is unstable and the range of differences is regular, you should make sure that the problem is insufficient pressure.

Let's consider the main methods of this event using improvised and special instruments. There are several variations of pressure gauges: for household and industrial use. For self-measurement, the consumer can easily purchase a device that is used at home.

This device cuts into a pipe and the process is quite labor-intensive. Moreover, separate devices are installed for DHW and cold water. In modern buildings, such units are prescribed by GOST and should be in every home. A one-time measurement will not be enough. The procedure must be carried out several times every 24 hours and the readings recorded. Record data in the morning, lunchtime and evening.

Measuring water pressure without a pressure gauge

If the residential property was built a long time ago and the device was not installed during construction, there is a simpler method for performing calculations. To do this, take a jar (3 liters) and place it under running water.

While the liquid is filling the container and using a stopwatch, you need to note the time. If a three-liter jar is filled in exactly 10 seconds, then the pressure in the water supply is normal. When the indicator is less by 3-4 seconds, this indicates that the standard is exceeded, which is fraught with negative consequences.

Replacing batteries via UC

At the time of an accident (for example, a radiator has leaked), replacing the heating battery lies entirely within the responsibility of the organization, to whose account residents transfer money for maintaining common property and carrying out major repairs. It cannot be said that such a replacement occurs free of charge. Cases of coercion to purchase new devices are not uncommon. It happens that receipts are issued for the cost of work performed.

IMPORTANT! Residents of apartment buildings, regardless of the type of property, do not have to pay anything additional for emergency work. The most unpleasant thing is if the battery replacement process is needed in emergency mode during the heating season. And representatives of the management company will begin to evade their obligations, citing the fact that they have neither time, nor workers, or even radiators themselves

They will remove the old one, install plugs and politely ask you to wait. Moreover, there is no statutory deadline for replacing faulty radiators. In such a situation, it is important to eliminate the cause of the accident. Therefore, in order not to wait for anything, you need to act

And representatives of the management company will begin to evade their obligations, citing the fact that they have neither time, nor workers, or even the radiators themselves. They will remove the old one, install plugs and politely ask you to wait. Moreover, there is no statutory deadline for replacing faulty radiators.

In such a situation, it is important to eliminate the cause of the accident. Therefore, in order not to wait for anything, you need to act

The most unpleasant thing is if the battery replacement process is needed in emergency mode during the heating season. And representatives of the management company will begin to evade their obligations, citing the fact that they have neither time, nor workers, or even the radiators themselves. They will remove the old one, install plugs and politely ask you to wait. Moreover, there is no statutory deadline for replacing faulty radiators.

In such a situation, it is important to eliminate the cause of the accident. Therefore, in order not to wait for anything, you need to act. https://www.youtube.com/embed/GmwS_JMkVcQ

Actions are recorded in writing. All complaints, statements, acts, any other documents accompanying the process must be in 2 copies. First, a contractor is called to draw up a report. Further, the claim, together with the act, is referred to the Criminal Code. The claim must refer to 491 Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation. The 2nd copy must contain the date and signature of the management company employee who accepted the application. This may also take some time. In case of refusal, the Housing Inspectorate, when contacting them, will take control of the situation and the issue will be resolved. We previously wrote about who to complain to about the management company.