Polymer impregnations for concrete

In the construction industry, concrete is one of the most popular and widespread materials. Strong and durable structures are built on its basis, but they are characterized by a number of significant disadvantages. First of all, we are talking about dusting and degradation of the top layer. But such problems can be eliminated by organizing reliable protection, which polymer impregnations for the floor will help with.

Why is concrete impregnated?

Artificial stone demonstrates high strength and reliability, but it is porous , which, against the background of constant exposure to aggressive chemicals, loads, temperature changes, and water, leads to gradual destruction of the outer layer. As a result, concrete bases begin to gather dust and become susceptible to carbon dioxide corrosion. Polymer impregnations make it possible to stop this process by reliably binding the top layer, increasing resistance to abrasion and wear.

Protecting concrete with impregnations is a guarantee of long-term and reliable operation of stone structures . Under conditions of high industrial loads, the base is able to withstand mechanical and chemical influences, which is important for the continuous and productive operation of enterprises, parking lots, garages, warehouses and other facilities.

Without concrete protection, this will lead to the formation of efflorescence, cracks, and sinkholes.

Why do you need to paint slate at all?

The fact that the use of paints allows slate to achieve the desired color is understandable. But besides the decorative function, coloring compositions also have more important properties. Let us remember that slate is a porous material, prone to the formation of microcracks. Water easily gets into them, which with the onset of winter cold turns into ice and begins to “tear” the fibers of the material. The same deforming processes occur when mosses and lichens grow in the pores. The problem of premature destruction of slate is solved by painting. Coloring compounds form a durable film on its surface, blocking access to asbestos cement to water and microorganisms. As a result, deforming processes are suspended and the slate gains additional years to its service life.

Painted slate, thanks to the paint film, becomes smooth. It does not retain atmospheric moisture and snow melts off easily. And if dirt accumulates on the roof, you can simply wash it off with water from a hose or car wash.

Another problem that can be solved by painting is the theoretical harmfulness of slate. The version that asbestos-cement sheets are not environmentally friendly came to us from the West and is successfully cultivated by many manufacturers of more expensive and modern roofing materials. Its essence is that slate during operation emits asbestos dust, which is harmful to the environment and human health. There is much evidence that this opinion is unfair, however, if this aspect bothers you, paint applied to the slate will completely block the possible release of asbestos dust and will 100% preserve your health.

Thus, staining slate allows you to:

increase the decorative effect of the roof;
give asbestos-cement sheets a color with the desired degree of matte (matte, semi-gloss, glossy);
smooth the surface of the slate;
protect the slate from moisture and the growth of mosses and lichens on it;
prevent cracks from appearing;
block the slate dusting process;
increase the durability of slate by 1.5 times (subject to periodic renewal of the paint layer).

What are polymer impregnations

Polymer impregnations for concrete are chemically active compositions based on acrylic, epoxy, polyurethane, PVC and other resins . Such materials ensure a continuous work cycle and help eliminate the risks of repairs and equipment shutdowns due to dust and contamination. Coatings become resistant to mechanical loads and aggressive environments and are easier to clean. All this leads to the most profitable and productive operation of commercial space.

The principle of operation of polymer materials is based on the penetration of compounds into the body of artificial stone. The depth of impregnation varies from 2 to 5 mm or more . Filling and binding of all voids and pores of the facial layer is realized. In fact, the characteristics of the bases are approaching those of polymer concrete - impact strength is doubled, abrasion resistance is increased by up to 10 times, and grade strength increases many times over. Plus, the impregnations seal the surface, which prevents the filler from chipping and dusting.

Properties of concrete floor

Concrete flooring today is the most durable and strong, and therefore the most popular base for different rooms. You can do all the flooring work yourself; the materials are available on the market, and everything is relatively inexpensive.

A concrete floor is a coating filled with a mixture of binder (cement) and fillers (gravel, sand, stone chips and others), water and various additives. All requirements for concrete floors are specified in SP 29.13330.2011 “Floors”. The foundation is especially important under conditions of high loads, which is why concrete floors can often be seen in industrial, warehouse, and commercial premises.

In residential apartments and houses, a concrete base requires mandatory finishing, with the exception of cases of design in the loft or high-tech style (then the concrete is dust-free and treated in a special way to leave it in its original form, without coatings).

The main advantages of concrete floors:

Durability – service life is calculated in decades.
Fire resistance – which is especially important in certain conditions where there is a risk of fire.
Resistance to high/low temperatures, humidity, mechanical stress, aggressive environments.
Wear resistance and strength, reliability.
Environmental friendliness and safety.
Relatively low cost.

The only drawback of the concrete coating is the low strength and tendency of the surface layer of the material to become dusty due to hardened cement laitance. Gradually, the layer begins to become covered with small cracks and chips, generates a lot of dust, getting into equipment and interior items, negatively affecting people’s health, and spoiling the appearance of the floor.

Due to this feature, the concrete floor is either treated with special impregnations and compounds, ground and polished, or covered with a topcoat.

One of the options for making a decorative base is to pour a polymer floor, which reliably protects the concrete and makes it more comfortable to use and maintain.

Polyurethane impregnation for concrete

Perhaps this type of material is the most widely used. This is due to the cost-effectiveness of the finished coating and the successful solution of a significant range of problems. Depending on the composition used, it is possible to strengthen and remove dust from even the weakest M150 bases , but in this case the consumption will be slightly increased.

Scope of application: healthcare enterprises, nuclear energy, food industry, terminals, warehouses, trading floors, exhibition centers, freezers, refrigeration chambers, etc. Use of finished coatings is possible outside and indoors.

Advantages:

penetration into the thickness of artificial stone by 2-3 mm and above;
the impregnated layer is strengthened to M600 and higher;
sealing and stopping dusting;
increased impact resistance and wear resistance;
increased chemical resistance;
does not require maintenance;
simple and easy cleaning;
decorativeness.

Polyurethane impregnations can be used at temperatures from -30 degrees

Flaws:

the material emits a pungent odor;
outdoors requires waterproofing and an anti-slip layer.

If we talk about two-component polyurethane compositions, they are characterized by all of the above advantages, but provide a greater penetration depth - 4-5 mm or more. This solution is relevant in cases where a one-component composition cannot provide the required operational, technical, and technological characteristics.

Two-component materials work in the following situations:

low-porous base (industrial reinforced concrete products, high-strength concrete floors);
maximum abrasive loads;
the need for application to wet concrete;
the need for deep impregnation and maximum strengthening of weak foundations.

Specifications

Name	Technical specifications
The basis	Polyurethane resins
Dry residue, %	50
Viscosity, s	15.00
Penetration depth, mm	2-6 mm

How to cover concrete floors and why it might be needed

Concrete is widely used in construction. This material is suitable not only for creating foundations and walls, but also for making floors. Concrete is used in residential, warehouse, industrial and technical premises.

Concrete paints are available for interior or exterior decoration

If the technology is followed, the base will be strong and durable. However, this material is not without its drawbacks. Without a protective layer, its surface is subject to abrasion, as well as the destructive effects of negative factors. Therefore, the question inevitably arises of how to paint concrete to extend its service life. When choosing a protective composition, the operating conditions should first be taken into account.

Depending on the conditions under which the treated surface will be used, paints are divided into:

for coatings for interior work;
compositions for exterior finishing.

Each group of dyes has its own characteristics and characteristics that allow the use of these materials in certain conditions.

Specificity of paints for concrete floors in garages

Concrete base is one of the most reliable and inexpensive coating options, so screed is often used to create garage floors. However, we should not forget that such a surface is constantly exposed to mechanical stress, as well as to aggressive substances. In addition, during operation, cement dust accumulates on it.

Alkyd, oil and organofluorine compounds are not suitable for painting a garage.

Properly selected paint will help solve such problems. Since it will be used indoors, special requirements are imposed on such coatings. Garage floor paint should be:

wear-resistant;
without smell;
fire resistant;
resistant to chemicals;
quick-drying;
washable;
weatherproof.

Unfortunately, there is no universal composition that would fully meet all of the listed requirements. Therefore, the paint is selected based on the operating conditions of the room.

Important! When choosing how to paint concrete floors in a garage, you should avoid organofluorine dyes, as well as alkyd and oil-based compounds. When oil products and fuels and lubricants come into contact with such coatings, their chemical composition changes and a reaction occurs.

Garage paint should be washable, fire-resistant, wear-resistant

How to paint concrete floors outdoors: compositions for outdoor use

Concrete is typically used in outdoor spaces, so some consumers don't see the need to use outdoor floor paints. They believe that, having high strength and excellent technical characteristics, this material does not require additional protection and can be successfully used in almost any conditions. Actually this is not true. Concrete pavement exposed to the open air is subject to the destructive effects of the following negative factors:

precipitation and wind;
low and high temperatures, as well as their differences;
ultraviolet radiation;
industrial gases.

Concrete screed has a high degree of porosity, so the material absorbs moisture well, which can fall on its surface in the form of precipitation or accidentally spilled liquids, or simply come from the atmosphere. Without a high-quality protective coating, all this will remain and accumulate inside the base, which is very critical for its condition. Especially if dirt or petroleum products, such as antifreeze, gasoline or oil, have gotten on the surface.

Outdoor concrete surfaces are subject to shock, friction and abrasives. In such conditions, access areas, parking lots intended for trucks, as well as overpasses are used. Without appropriate protection, the screed will quickly lose its attractive appearance and become unsuitable for use. The concrete will develop chips, cracks, tears and potholes. Therefore, it is very important to choose the appropriate composition to protect the surface.

Special varnishes for concrete, impregnation and polymer enamel are suitable for outdoor work.

How to paint concrete outside? For this purpose, the following types of coatings are used:

Impregnation - the product penetrates 7-10 mm into the thickness of the material through the pores and hardens, preventing dirt and liquid from getting inside. After treatment, the concrete surface becomes more durable. Such a base can withstand moderate loads. The disadvantages of impregnations include only a limited service life.
Polymer enamel is considered the best protection option. This category of coatings includes compositions containing epoxy resins, acrylic or polyurethane.
Specialized varnish for concrete floors - made on a water dispersion basis and includes latex components. The product is used for insulating concrete screeds.

Note! Experts do not recommend using varnishing compounds to protect concrete, since they are not capable of creating a coating of sufficient strength.

Epoxy impregnations for concrete

To be fair, it should be said that epoxy materials are rarely used for impregnating concrete floors. The technology involves the use of a two-component composition that produces a 100% dry residue - it does not contain solvents . Epoxy gives high viscosity, so the penetration depth is not so great and is 1-2 mm. However, the absence of a pungent odor makes the method unalternative in a number of situations.

Scope of application : medical, pharmaceutical facilities, refrigeration and freezing rooms, food industry workshops.

Advantages:

concrete receives protection from acids, alkalis, water, salts, fuels and lubricants;
triple hardening;
dust removal;
prevention of cracking.

Flaws:

internal use only;
low penetration depth;
the material is inferior to PVC and polyurethane analogues in terms of resistance to chemical and mechanical stress.

Specifications

Name	Technical specifications
The basis	Epoxy resins
Impregnation depth	1-2 mm
Dry residue (component A/B)	98/45 %
Viability	4 hours

Contrary to popular belief, epoxy compounds are environmentally friendly after complete drying.

Slate coloring technology

When painting slate with your own hands, you should adhere to the basic rules and follow the painting technology.

The easiest way to work is with a new roof. If the roof has been covered for quite some time, the surface should be thoroughly cleaned of dirt and possible vegetation. To do this, you can use a metal wire brush. The cleaned surface must be washed with water and then inspected for cracks. Any deficiencies found should be carefully repaired with a mixture of asbestos, cement and PVA glue. After complete drying, the surface should be primed.

Surface primer

Primer treatment is necessary not only for better adhesion of the enamel to the surface layer of the roof, but also to save enamel. In addition, without the use of a primer, the color of the roof may be uneven. It is better to treat the old roof several times. It is convenient to prime slate using a wide brush or sprayer. To paint flat slate on the facade of a house, you can use a roller.

Painting

Before painting, wait until the primer is completely dry. The paint is applied in two layers. The first layer is the base layer, which should be applied especially carefully, painting all surfaces and parts of the roof. The second layer is the final one, it is applied to achieve a uniform coating without streaks or imperfections. A second coat should be applied after the first one has completely dried.

If new slate is being painted, it is easier to carry out this procedure before laying the material and attaching the already painted one. You can apply the paint with a brush, roller or spray gun.

Compliance with all stages of painting and a deliberate choice of high-quality paint and varnish material will give the ordinary nondescript material not only a neat appearance and color, but will also allow the material to serve for many years.

Last year I painted the slate roof of the house. I chose acrylic enamel. Heard a lot of great reviews. So far there are no complaints about the quality. The color is bright, it has not cracked or peeled over the winter. I would like to recommend Shikril paint. An excellent paint for slate, not difficult to use and has very good water-repellent and frost-resistant properties. It fits well on wavy surfaces and is economical when painting. The price is also optimal.

Acrylic impregnations for concrete

These are light impregnations, effective where sealing and dust removal are required, but the base is not subject to serious loads. This could be concrete under raised floors, laminate, parquet, floors in utility rooms, etc. In addition, this is an excellent option for temporary dust removal of industrial floors for a period of 2-3 years . Acrylic gives a low penetration depth, almost like epoxy analogues - up to 1 mm or more. Average consumption – 0.20-0.35 l/sq.m.

Scope of application : indoor and outdoor areas for industrial and public purposes, consumer service facilities, department stores, supermarkets, warehouses, bases, pharmaceutical and food industry workshops, car services, parking lots.

Advantages:

double strengthening of concrete;
impregnation works on new and old substrates;
imparting hydrophobic properties;
dust removal;
environmentally friendly, odorless.

Flaws:

temporary protection;
low penetration depth;
Apply only at positive temperatures.

Specifications

Name	Technical specifications
Dry residue, %	22.0-27.00
Viscosity, s	15
Drying up to 3 tbsp., hours	1

Review of the best paints for concrete floors from popular and reliable manufacturers

Professionals prefer brands such as Tikkurila, Tapping, KrasKo and Elakor. Among them there are both domestic and foreign manufacturers.

Teping P1155 dye is an epoxy-based compound that is characterized by high abrasion resistance. It is recommended to carry out painting under certain conditions: the air humidity in the room should be no more than 90%, and the temperature should be within 10-20 °C (the optimal value is 22 °C). The coating can withstand loads of up to 220 kg/cm², it is resistant to moisture, fuels and lubricants and detergents.

To paint the floors in a room of 37 m², you will need about 20 kg of Teping P1155. The price of epoxy paint for concrete floors of this brand is in the range of 8000-8200 rubles. for a set consisting of hardener and base.

Tikkurila floor paints are especially popular among professionals. The Temafloor 150 composition produced by this manufacturer is ideal for treating various types of concrete surfaces:

fresh screeds;
floors that have already been in use;
previously painted surfaces.

Tikkurila paint is popular due to its high quality

The main feature of this dye is the absence of solvents in its composition. The coating can withstand high temperatures (up to 70 °C), so this mixture can be used for interior and exterior decoration. One liter of this composition is enough for high-quality painting of 6-8 m². Consumption depends on the number of layers that will be applied to the floor. The price of polymer paint for epoxy-based concrete floors is about 750 rubles. for 1 l.

Helpful advice! To ensure that the film coating on the floor after painting with Temafloor 150 is elastic, it is recommended to use a special hardener - Temafloor Flex.

The dye "Polymerstone-1" is a polyurethane enamel. It is recommended to paint when the base humidity does not exceed 4% and the room temperature does not fall below 5 °C. After drying, the coating can be used in a wide temperature range - from -50 to +100 °C. To paint 1 m², about 400 g of material is required. The price of paint for a concrete floor is about 3,500 rubles. per package 7 kg.

The listed compositions are far from the only options that can be used for treating concrete surfaces.

Polymerstone-1 paint can be purchased for 3.5 thousand rubles. for 7 liters

Review of epoxy paint for concrete floors "Epostone"

"Epostone" is a two-component water-based epoxy enamel. Its pigmented base consists of epoxy resin and fine fillers. The polymerization process is started by an amine-containing hardener. This enamel contains no solvents of organic origin, thanks to which the manufacturer was able to obtain an odorless floor paint.

Scope of application of Epostone paint:

construction projects of any type;
medical institutions;
educational institutions.

This type of dye is environmentally friendly. Due to its high strength, Epostone can be used as a protective coating for concrete floors in workshops and garages. In addition, the composition exhibits amazing resistance to atmospheric factors, so there are no restrictions on its external use. This paint can be used in completely open areas.

Epostone enamel is environmentally friendly and odorless

Epostone is suitable for processing fresh concrete screeds. You can start painting about a week after pouring. The main thing is that the moisture content of the concrete reaches 15% by that time. This does not mean that the composition cannot be used to treat old surfaces. The temperature during painting should not be less than 5 °C. The recommended thickness of the applied layer is up to 500 microns. The color range is limited to just one shade – matte grey.

Note! Epostone dye cannot be tinted.

Overview of the characteristics of polymer floor paint "Texil"

"Texil" is a dye made on the basis of PVC resins. This composition creates a matte effect coating on the treated surface, which is highly resistant to wear. This type of dye provides reliable protection of concrete floors from mechanical damage, as well as the negative effects of precipitation. Using the Texil composition, you can significantly extend the service life of the concrete base.

Painting is allowed when the temperature outside is sub-zero. The composition takes several hours to dry. After the coating has hardened, the surface can be washed with detergents. The composition is able to withstand short contact with oils, gasoline and alkalis. Texil paint for concrete floors can be used both outside and indoors.

Paints for concrete floors "Texil" are resistant to mechanical damage

Advantages of the dye:

simple and convenient application process;
high degree of protection of concrete floors from various negative factors;
wear resistance;
matte coating.

The dye consumption is 1 kg per 4-5 m². To obtain a high-quality coloring result, the manufacturer recommends using a complex system, which consists of “Protexil” impregnation and “Texil” finishing coating.

Table with prices for floor paint "Texil":

Container volume, kg	price, rub.
3	1030
10	3550
25	6250

Acrylic-based paint for concrete floors "Texipol"

"Texipol" is made on the basis of acrylic resins. This dye contains a solvent of organic origin. This circumstance significantly affected the price of acrylic paint for concrete floors. On the other hand, the performance of the coating has improved significantly.

The film coating that forms on the surface of concrete after painting is not afraid of temperature changes. The dye is not destroyed under the influence of most acids, petroleum products and alkalis (the exception is concentrated alkalis), as well as alcohols, antifreeze or coolants.

Texipol paint for concrete floors can be used to treat concrete, asphalt concrete surfaces and cement screeds. The coating reliably protects the material from moisture, aggressive chemicals and abrasive loads. as a coating with wear-resistant properties for industrial workshops, shopping centers, warehouses and garages.

Texipol mixtures are suitable for processing concrete, cement and asphalt

After painting, the surface becomes glossy. Consumers are offered three color options:

beige;
grey;
red-brown.

These colors are basic, but for customers who place a large order, the manufacturer meets halfway and provides the opportunity to choose any RAL shade. The dye spreads well and has excellent coverage. At the same time, Texipol is used very sparingly if the floor surface has been carefully prepared beforehand.

Texipol paint cost table:

Container volume, kg	price, rub.
3	1250
10	4000
20	5800

Important! Since the dye contains an organic solvent, the material has a pungent odor. During its application, it is imperative to use personal protective equipment. After the polymerization process is completed, the unpleasant odor completely disappears.

Advantages of acrylic paint for concrete "Betoxyl"

"Betoxyl" is a one-component polymer enamel based on acrylic. It is suitable for dust removal of concrete surfaces in industrial and domestic premises. This dye can be used to treat floors, cement-sand screeds, curbstones and bricks.

The scope of application of Betoxyl concrete paint covers:

for warehouse premises;
garage complexes;
manufacturing enterprises.

Betoxyl dyes are polymer enamels with a one-component composition

The dye forms a durable and strong coating on the concrete surface, which is highly resistant to wear. The composition is able to withstand contact with oils, gasoline, various detergents, and fats. The coating is not afraid of precipitation and temperature changes. It can be operated in a wide temperature range – from -40 to +50 °C.

Painting work can be carried out at low temperatures (down to -20 ° C). The surface to be treated must be completely dry and free of ice. The composition has good adhesive properties, so the coating forms excellent adhesion to concrete. After painting, the surface of the floors becomes matte.

The dye has a limited color range, including the following shades:

light gray (base tone);
white;
dark grey;
red-brown;
yellow.

Price table for Betoxyl paint:

Container volume, kg	price, rub.
5	1000
30	5550

Materials based on PVC resins (Protexyl impregnation for concrete)

Like polyurethane, the material can be applied at sub-zero temperatures. It has proven effective for removing dust and strengthening industrial floors. PVC resins provide protection against high transport and mechanical loads and aggressive environments.

Protexil can be used independently or as a base before the sale of polymer self-leveling coatings. The material allows you to quickly restore old worn-out floors, revitalizing the surface; it works even on low-quality concrete , not to mention new substrates. .

Penetration depth of compositions based on PVC resins – up to 5 mm and above

Scope of application : indoor and outdoor areas, parking lots, parking lots, car services, terminals, markets, warehouses, bases, utility rooms, food industry production. Average consumption – 0.20-0.35 l/sq.m.

Advantages:

can be used on low-quality concrete;
ease of application, versatility;
works on old and new grounds;
high penetration depth;
ensuring low abrasion and wear resistance.

Flaws:

the coating is prone to contamination.

Specifications

The basis	PVC resins
Dry residue, %	8-13
Viscosity, s	12
Drying time, h	1

Latex impregnations for concrete

Latex-based compounds are suitable for interior and exterior work. The peculiarity of the material is that it works not only on horizontal, but also on vertical surfaces.

The result is a durable, strong, protective coating that does not lose its color even when exposed to direct sunlight.

Plus, impregnation serves as an excellent base for polyurethane, alkyd, latex paint . Average consumption – 0.2 l/sq.m.

Advantages:

providing protection against abrasive wear;
protection from oil, salts, gasoline;
protection of concrete from efflorescence;
stopping dust formation;
dirt-repellent properties;
reducing the risk of potholes and cracking;
UV resistance.

Flaws:

low penetration depth.

Specifications

Color and gloss level	Clear/semi-matte
The basis	Latex
Solvent	Water

Scope of application of latex impregnations: concrete facades, walkways, floors of garages, basements

How to care for a painted roof

After painting, the roof does not require special care.
The coating does not require special care, but it is important to inspect the treated surface every six months. If chips, rust stains or other damage are detected, restoration work must be carried out. Such procedures involve cleaning and degreasing the damaged area. If necessary, it is worth using a primer, sealant or a special anti-corrosion compound. Then apply a new coat of paint to the area.

If the coating has no defects, it is necessary to remove dirt, and wet cleaning will help with this. You can use antiseptic compounds, as well as soap solution. However, do not rub the material with hard brushes or abrasive powders, as this can lead to scratches and chips.

Attention! The first wash can be carried out only after a week has passed from the moment of painting, since it is this period that rubber compounds need to gain final strength.

When covering the surface with rubber paint, it acquires not only an aesthetic appearance, but also excellent performance. The painted product increases its service life and provides protection against mold, fungi, precipitation and other natural factors. In addition, this material is affordable and easy to install, which makes it an indispensable assistant in matters of repair and restoration.

Equipment and tools

Impregnations are applied manually or using special equipment. The choice depends on the scope of work and the condition of the concrete base.

The following is used in this work:

spray guns (low-pressure pump sprayers) - the equipment must accommodate a sufficient volume of impregnation, it is good if it is made on the basis of anti-corrosion, wear-resistant materials. Using a spray gun, consumption is reduced by up to 30%;
industrial vacuum cleaner - the machine is used at the initial stage of preparing the base. To ensure high-quality cleaning and dust removal, it is better to choose a high-power unit with brushes that fit tightly to the floor;
velor rollers, brushes - used to distribute impregnations over the surface;
grinding machines - equipment helps to open the pores of concrete for better penetration of impregnations. You will need a set of diamond discs along with the machine. In some cases, sandblasting or shot blasting machines can be used for cleaning;
A construction drill with a mixing attachment is an indispensable tool for high-quality preparation of working mixtures. The drill must operate in forward and reverse rotation. For professional samples, a power of 500-700 rpm is sufficient.

Characteristics of rubber paint for slate, application procedure and cost

Despite the large number of new roof protection materials, slate still remains one of the most practical, reliable and affordable. However, it has a significant drawback - under the influence of sunlight and temperature changes, its structure gradually deteriorates. To ensure protection, experts recommend using a special paint for slate, which, after drying, forms a rubberized layer.

Paint features, advantages and disadvantages

Visually, this paint is practically no different from the others. However, it contains special polymer components, thanks to which an elastic film is formed.

The main elements of the composition are acrylic and water. However, the addition of special rubber-containing components changes its properties. At its core, it is closer to polymer bitumen mastic than to painting materials. The difference is the low density of the substance (for uniform application over the slate surface) and various pigments - to give the composition a certain color.

Thanks to these ingredients, rubber slate paint has the following distinctive qualities:

Increased mechanical strength due to surface elasticity. Even at low and high temperatures, the structure of the coating does not change.
Low coefficient of dirt retention. Almost all debris will roll off the roof under gravity pressure.
Durability. Depends on the chosen type of painting material and climatic conditions. For central Russia, the service life is about 8-10 years. And even after this time, only the shade of the coating will change slightly, maintaining its integrity.
Has anti-slip protection. This is important when carrying out repair or maintenance work.

The application method is practically no different from other painting materials. However, choosing the right type of paint is important.

Application technology

The main limitation when choosing paint for slate will be the temperature. Since the roof is exposed to direct sunlight, its surface can heat up to 50-60°C. In winter, the air temperature can drop to -35 °C. That is why you should pay attention to this type of restriction when applying.

To maintain the color balance of the roof with the building, you need to choose the right paint color. In this case, you can choose a ready-made composition, or use coloring services. The choice of color pigments is quite wide. But often consumers use 15-16 colors.

You should know that there is a similar paint for the foundation of a house. However, its performance characteristics are not suitable for application to slate surfaces. Before purchasing, you should carefully read the instructions for use and the purpose of the composition.

Installation work should be carried out in several stages. First, the roof surface is prepared. It is cleared of debris and dirt, the presence of which can negatively affect the quality of the coating, then the integrity of each sheet of slate is checked. The specific property of rubber paint is to waterproof small cracks. But to prevent further spread of the defect, it is recommended to replace the entire sheet.

For better waterproofing and reliable protection, several layers of coating are applied. The thickness of each should not exceed 2 mm. Therefore, for work it is best to use special rollers with long pile. With their help, you can achieve uniform thickness over the entire surface. The next layer can be applied only after the first one has completely dried. The average drying time between layers is 1 hour.

Manufacturers and cost

Several companies are involved in the production of rubber paints. The most famous of them are Tikkurila, Shikril and Bastion. The cost depends on the volume and composition. On average, for 1 liter you will have to pay from 400 rubles.

The choice directly depends on the quality of the slate, the financial budget and the amount of work. Almost all rubber paints have the same composition and performance qualities. When purchasing, you need to pay attention to the presence of a certificate, as there is a possibility of purchasing a fake. Most often, such situations occur in construction markets.

Technology of applying polymer impregnations to concrete

The undoubted advantages of such processing include the simplicity of the technology. Regardless of the manufacturer and type of material, sanding is carried out before applying the first layer . This is necessary for the full opening of the pores of the artificial stone and high-quality penetration of impregnation. Otherwise, the material will form a film and the expected effect will not work.

If the volume of work is large, the area is divided into separate zones. Columns, walls, seams and other structures are used as starting points.

Exotic

Speaking of painting the roof, it’s worth mentioning a couple more rather exotic compositions:

Cold galvanizing paints are a dispersion of zinc powder in an organic varnish. They allow you to protect metal roofing elements - ridges, gutter brackets, steel chimneys - from corrosion. The service life of the coating is estimated at 10 – 25 years depending on the thickness;

Zinga electrically conductive paint is designed for cold galvanizing of metals.

Fire protection dyes will help protect the rafter system, beams and load-bearing metal structures from fire. When in contact with an open fire, they increase many times in volume, forming a porous coating with extremely low thermal conductivity.

Fire-retardant paints for metal - Polistil, Pyrex and many others - can increase the fire resistance of load-bearing structures to 1 - 2 hours.

Technology of applying polyurethane impregnations

Polymer protection is organized with the participation of one-component or two-component polyurethane primers. If the base requires leveling, concrete putty is additionally used.

General requirements:

Concrete moisture content is not higher than 4% by weight. Two-component compositions can work on wet substrates with a moisture content of up to 7% by weight;
RHV – 80% (for deep penetration compositions – 90%);
t impregnation – from +10 degrees; air-base – 3 degrees above the dew point; carrying out work – from -30 to +25 degrees. Two-component ones are applied at t +5-25 degrees.

The surface is cleaned by grinding or sandblasting. The task is to completely open the pores of concrete, for which the laitance, iron layer, loose areas, dirt, and oils are removed. Grinding depth – 1-1.5 mm. Sludge is removed with a construction vacuum cleaner or brushes. If it is necessary to obtain a cut of crushed stone, grinding is carried out in stages (rough 3-5 mm, medium, fine fine grain). Before applying the material, the floor is once again dusted with a vacuum cleaner.

For two-component polyurethane impregnations, the pot life is no more than 60 minutes

Preparation of two-component impregnation:

both components are mixed in a 1:1 ratio;
the composition is thoroughly mixed with a mixer (300-600 rpm) for 1-2 minutes.

A one-component composition is applied to concrete aged 28 days, a two-component composition - from 14 days with brushes and rollers that are resistant to solvents . A uniform gloss should form on the base, which indicates complete saturation of the surface. The formation of clusters is unacceptable.

The first layer is dried for 16-24 hours at temperatures below 0 degrees, 4-6 hours at temperatures above 0 degrees. Next, the second layer is applied. If the base requires repair, work is carried out before applying the finishing layer. After puttying, the concrete is rubbed until no traces of the spatula remain. After installing the finishing layer, pedestrian load is possible after 24 hours, full mechanical load - after 72 hours.

Epoxy impregnation technology

The work involves a two-component impregnation and, if necessary, epoxy putty to level the surface.

General requirements:

concrete strength – from M200 and above;
humidity – not higher than 4% by weight;
t of work - +5-25 degrees; bases – 3 degrees above the dew point; material - +15-25 degrees;
RHV - not higher than 80%.

Surface preparation is carried out using grinding or sandblasting machines. During processing, the top layer and all contaminants are removed. The pores of the concrete must be open.

Impregnation preparation:

the ratio of components is taken as 2:1 (A:B). Actual proportions depend on manufacturer's recommendations;
the container with the first component is opened, the material is mixed for 2-3 minutes;
without stopping work, introduce the second component. The kneading lasts 2-3 minutes;
The construction mixer must operate in forward and reverse rotation. The presence of non-mixing is controlled. Speed – 500-1000 rpm;
After mixing, the impregnation is left for a couple of minutes to release the entrained air bubbles;
viability – 30 minutes.

Immediately before applying the mixture, the base is thoroughly dusted with an industrial vacuum cleaner. The material is spread over mature concrete (28 days old) with brushes, rollers with shading in mutually perpendicular directions. The formation of puddles is unacceptable.

The surface should become uniformly glossy, the pores of the concrete should be closed. If necessary, a second layer is implemented. Layer-by-layer drying takes 16-24 hours. Pedestrian load is available after 3 days, full mechanical load - after a week.

If the surface requires repair, it is carried out using epoxy putties after applying the first layer of impregnation

After the repair, the floor is cleaned with a grinding machine so that the stains from the spatula are completely removed.

Acrylic impregnation technology

They work on concrete with one-component acrylic varnishes. Typically, they are supplied as a concentrate. This material can be applied even to damp substrates. After impregnation, they retain vapor permeability.

General requirements:

concrete moisture content – not higher than 7% by weight;
HVV - not standardized;
t of work – from +5 degrees.

Preliminary preparation is carried out in a standard manner. The loose layer, dirt and remnants of old coatings are removed using a grinding machine. Immediately before spreading the acrylic, the surface is vacuumed.

Preparation of the material comes down to diluting with water - take 1 liter of water for 1 liter of acrylic concentrate and mix thoroughly with a construction mixer. The material can be applied to fresh concrete, over 5 days old .

In order to distribute the impregnation over the concrete, rollers, brushes or sprayers are used. If done manually, the material is shaded in mutually perpendicular directions. If necessary, apply a second layer. Layer drying takes from 60 to 90 minutes. Readiness for use occurs in 24-36 hours.

Installation of self-leveling polymer floor

To install a self-leveling polymer floor, it is necessary to follow the technology and sequence of actions.

The main stages of laying a polymer self-leveling floor:

Preparation of the base - cleaning, filling minor defects, leveling, removing dust and dirt, grinding the surface. If the floor is applied to a fresh coating, you must wait 28 days after pouring.
Primer for concrete base - you can add fine quartz sand to it, which will improve adhesion. When the primer is applied, wait a day and remove the remaining sand with a vacuum cleaner.
Arrangement of the base layer of the self-leveling floor - the prepared solution is simply poured onto the surface, a squeegee is used to distribute it, and air bubbles are removed with a needle roller. It is best to perform work at an ambient temperature ranging from 5 to 25 degrees Celsius.
When the base layer has dried, a thin finishing layer of polymer is poured. There are mixtures that do not require this stage.

Technology for applying polymer impregnations based on PVC resins

General requirements:

t of work – from -20 degrees;
t of operation – from -40 to +80 degrees.

The material can only be applied to clean, crack-free substrates. Cleaning from dust, dirt, oils, grease, old coatings, cement laitance is carried out using sandblasting or grinding. Impregnation is applied with rollers and brushes. Monitor the presence of areas with high absorbency. If the material is absorbed unevenly, always apply another layer.

Latex impregnation technology

The material is used at temperatures ranging from +10-32 degrees for concrete that is at least 20 days old. Latex impregnations, like all polymer varieties, are applied to a pre-sanded base. Brushes and rollers are used. Before use, the composition is thoroughly stirred, but not shaken .

The recommended number of layers is two. Layer drying time – 4 hours. Pedestrian load is permissible after 5 hours, full transport and mechanical load – after 24 hours.

How to make polymer impregnation colored

If the surface is to gain an additional decorative effect, in addition to the main polymer materials, special toners are used. Dyes are used to color compounds based on organic solvents. As a result, colored transparent coatings are formed .

Toners, like acrylic impregnations, can be supplied as a concentrate. The main colors are brown, green, blue.

Cooking method:

For 50 kg of polymer composition take 1 kg of dye. The actual saturation is determined independently;
two-component epoxy and polyurethane compounds are pre-mixed according to the instructions;
After introducing the toner, the composition is thoroughly mixed with a drill with a mixing attachment.

The material is immediately ready for use and is spread over the concrete in a standard way, taking into account the viability

Variety of colors and tinting options

The most popular paint colors for slate are red, brown, and green. They appear in the range of most paints. At the same time, the color base of a particular material can include either 5 or 100 different colors and shades. But what to do if you want to paint the slate, say, light yellow, but the selected paint does not have such a shade in the range? Tinting will come to the rescue. Most paint manufacturers provide the ability to paint their paints in any tone corresponding to color catalogs - RAL, NSC, Symphony. Tinting at the enterprise is carried out using special equipment, using tinting pastes and paints.

You can also do the tinting yourself by adding tinting paste to the purchased paint and stirring the mixture with a mixer.

How to properly repair a base for applying polymer impregnations

The material for repairing bases is selected in accordance with the type of impregnation, that is, for polyurethane – polyurethane putties are taken, for epoxy – epoxy, for acrylic – acrylic, etc. Otherwise, peeling and swelling may occur.

Repairs are carried out after preparation, when the first layer of impregnation is applied and dried. Puttying is divided into rough and finishing. In the first case, individual concrete defects, such as potholes and sinkholes, are repaired. In the second, the surface is smoothed. As a rule, the last stage is implemented over the entire surface or over significant areas.

After rough repairs, the base is rubbed down, after finishing repairs, it is sanded. There should be no streaks left on the surface from the spatula. The holding time before applying the next layers does not exceed 48 hours , after which the floor must be dust-free.

Decorating floors with polymer coating

Glitter, chips, flocks, etc. are used to decorate floors. The inclusion of various small elements in the surface composition allows you to give the floor an original look and hide minor defects.

Particles are poured into the coating that has not yet hardened using a spray bottle or manually; the excess is removed after the floor has hardened. Next, clean the base and varnish in 2 layers.

3D floors have become very popular, which involve laying a banner film/fabric with an image on the base, and filling it with a transparent polymer coating on top. You can also lay different stones, flowers, coins, herbs, create patterns and ornaments.

All decorative elements are laid out on the base floor, then filled with a transparent wear-resistant layer. The decor can be anything - it all depends on imagination and possibilities.

Safety precautions

Persons over 18 years of age who have undergone training, instruction and medical examination are allowed to work with polymer impregnations.

General recommendations:

if materials are used for interior work, the room is thoroughly ventilated (as after completion of application);
all workers must use personal protective equipment (workwear, safety shoes, gloves, goggles, respirators);
polymer compositions cannot be heated. Storage is carried out in tightly closed containers, away from fire. Protection from direct sunlight and heat is necessary.

conclusions

To protect concrete bases, polyurethane, acrylic, epoxy, latex, and PVC impregnations can be successfully used. Polyurethane varieties demonstrate the greatest penetration depth and can be implemented even at subzero temperatures . Plus, they are the ones that are applied to weak substrates (from M100). Significant competition comes from materials based on PVC resins - they are only slightly inferior to impregnations based on polyvinyl chloride.

Epoxy materials work at temperatures from +5 degrees on concrete from M200 and above

If we talk about epoxy analogues, they have the advantage of being odorless. This is a good solution for interior coverings with medium loads. Latex analogues are a good solution for protecting facades, since the material holds up well under the influence of ultraviolet radiation . Acrylic varieties are an economical solution that works both indoors and outdoors. But, this polymer provides only temporary protection, for a period of 2-3 years.

The advantages and technology of polymer impregnations using Monolit-20 as an example are shown in the video:

Types of polymer coatings

When choosing a polymer coating, it is worth considering the following basic aspects: the purpose of the room and the types of loads acting on the base, the condition of the concrete floor, operating conditions, and the importance of decoration. To finish concrete floors, a variety of types of compounds are used, supplied by many manufacturers.

Impregnations

Used for premises for various purposes. Typically, concrete floors are coated with impregnations before the finishing layer is installed. To ensure maximum durability and strength of a polymer floor, it is necessary to increase the adhesion of the concrete and polymer layers. If an inappropriate composition is chosen for these purposes, the future floor may become cracked and deformed.

Floor impregnation is a homogeneous liquid mass that contains a binder polymer, certain fillers and a number of special additives.

The main functions of impregnations:

Filling all small pores of concrete.
Ensuring reliable adhesion of materials to each other.
Dust removal and strengthening of the base.

A correctly selected primer guarantees a longer service life and increased adhesion, so it’s definitely not worth ignoring this stage of work or skimping on impregnation.

Polymer

Organic-based impregnations remove dust from the concrete floor, penetrate into the concrete base to a depth of 2-6 millimeters, efficiently fill and securely bind the pores of the top layer. Thanks to this, concrete becomes more resistant, durable, and able to withstand the effects of various negative factors.

Polymer impregnations are produced on the basis of epoxy, acrylic, PVC, and polyurethane substances. The composition makes it possible to eliminate the risks of repairs and equipment shutdowns due to contamination and dust. Coatings become resistant to aggressive environments, mechanical loads, and are easier to clean.

The characteristics of concrete coated with polymer impregnation are close to those of polymer concrete floors - impact strength is doubled, abrasion resistance is increased by up to 10 times, and grade strength is increased several times. It is also important that impregnations are able to seal the surface, prevent dusting and chipping of fillers.

Acrylic

This type of composition does not have a very long service life and requires updating every 2-3 years. Typically, acrylic impregnations are used where there are not too heavy loads. They prevent dust well and are resistant to moisture and ultraviolet radiation. Consumption averages 0.2-0.35 liters per square meter.

Polyurethane compounds

The most economical and popular type of impregnation for concrete surfaces. The compositions significantly increase strength, wear resistance, moisture resistance, guarantee complete dust removal and significantly improve the appearance of the base. The main disadvantage of polyurethane compounds is the presence of a pungent odor and prohibition of use when the base humidity is above 5%. Consumption is 200-400 grams per square meter (single-layer coating).

Epoxy

Two-component epoxy impregnations perfectly remove dust from concrete and reliably protect against moisture and the effects of fuels and lubricants. Impregnation gives a slightly lower load resistance compared to polyurethane compounds, but does not imply any odor. The consumption of the substance is 200-300 grams per square meter.

Relatively recently, water-based epoxy compounds have appeared on the market, which are characterized by reduced viscosity, and therefore penetrate much better into the surface layers of the concrete monolith.

Latex

Substances based on latex cope well with dust formation, are resistant to ultraviolet radiation, and create a protective coating that is not afraid of aggressive environments and abrasives. They are odorless as the solvent in the composition is water. Impregnations can be applied even to fresh concrete. But they are not used to cover floors that experience increased loads.

Based on PVC resins

This type of substance provides deep penetration into the surface layer of concrete, reliably protecting it from abrasion and stress. Impregnations dry quickly and resist aggressive influences and environments well, but their ability to repel dirt is low.

On average, 200-350 grams of composition are used per square meter. Pigments are often added to impregnations to add color to the floor and increase decorative properties.

Polymer paint

The paints are applied in thin layers of 500 microns, so they are suitable for surfaces that do not involve too high loads. Before applying paint, the concrete floor is coated with special impregnations. The best option for creating a beautiful and reliable floor is to apply impregnation, primer and then paint. Today, Moscow and the regions provide a large selection of compositions, so selection difficulties should not arise.

Key tasks when painting concrete floors:

Decorative and aesthetics – giving concrete a certain shade, which significantly improves the floor.
Protection - applying paint significantly extends the service life of the floor, increases resistance to aggressive and atmospheric influences, moisture, increases hygiene and mechanical strength.
Elimination of minor defects and cracks, smoothing out minor irregularities.

Types of paints for concrete floors:

Epoxy
– resistant to abrasion and fuels and lubricants, increases strength and adhesion, can be applied to still wet concrete, suitable for external/internal work, hardens quickly (therefore work is carried out quickly). Usually the floor is covered in 2 layers, there is the possibility of pigmentation, but the choice of colors is not too wide. Consumption within 300 grams per m2, dries within 24 hours.
Acrylic
– moisture-resistant, not afraid of high temperatures and ultraviolet radiation, odorless, frost-resistant, can be used for interior/exterior work, relatively inexpensive, suitable for floors with light loads. Usually applied in 2 layers, the finish of the coating can be glossy, matte, semi-matte, consumption is in the range of 300-400 grams per m2, dries up to 3 days.
Polyurethane
– demonstrates resistance to chemical influences, as well as mechanical damage and shock, can be used for interior/exterior work, gives a glossy or matte finish, and demonstrates good decorative and hiding properties. This paint is quite expensive, consumption is about 400 grams per m2, dries within 1-2 days (but gains full strength within 14 days).
Rubber
– demonstrates resistance to various atmospheric phenomena, mechanical damage and abrasion, environmentally friendly and elastic, moisture resistant, suitable for application at sub-zero temperatures and high temperatures, hiding power is not very high, but decorativeness is excellent. The cost of paint is quite high, consumption is 100-200 grams per m2, applied in 2 layers, can be colored, dries in 40-50 minutes.
"Polymer stone"
is a popular new coating that is applied in a thin layer to old and newly poured concrete floors. The composition extends the service life, penetrates deep into the pores of the material, making it resistant to various types of influence. The coating can be applied without priming, the film is 150 microns thick, dries in 4 hours, after 24 hours the floor may experience increased loads.

Floors

Types of flooring can be different and each type has certain pros and cons, features and nuances. Before choosing one or another option, you need to study all the properties and characteristics.

Self-leveling floor

Self-leveling mixture, the thickness of which is usually 4-5 millimeters. The liquid composition is poured onto a leveled and repaired or completely hardened concrete surface, leveled independently, creating a monolithic coating with high strength and durability characteristics.

The surface can be smooth or textured, include mineral particles, and suggests the possibility of decoration.

Polyurethane based

Such coatings are very popular today as they provide good chemical and physical properties.

Features of the use of polyurethane floors:

Can be poured onto foundations that will experience large dynamic and static loads.
The coating is not afraid of temperature changes, ultraviolet radiation, and retains elasticity and strength.
Polyurethane flooring is non-slip, hygienic, and fireproof.
Excellent decorative properties.
Unpleasant aroma of the composition.
The mixture cannot be applied to damp substrates.

Epoxy based

Epoxy floors can withstand medium loads, are often poured onto old screeds, and are also suitable for new ones (the solution can be applied to still wet concrete). The coating is not afraid of chemicals, aggressive influences, moisture, can be used outdoors, repels dirt well, and does not require special care. The base demonstrates excellent decorative properties, is fireproof, and environmentally friendly.

The solution is obtained by mixing the components; it must be used quickly and correctly. The coating is susceptible to impact loads, and cracks may appear when heavy objects fall.

Methyl methacrylate based

A relatively new type of coating, which is characterized by certain features.

Key properties of coatings based on methyl methacrylate:

The two-component composition hardens quickly and is not afraid of moisture, impact or abrasion, temperature changes or aggressive environments.
Loads are allowed up to 15 tons per square meter.
The coating is difficult to work with and dries quickly, so it is usually only used by professionals.
The composition releases toxic substances during installation.
Flooring is quite expensive.

Highly filled polymer floors

During installation, this type of coating creates a super-strong base that can easily withstand heavy traffic loads, exposure to moisture, temperature changes, and aggressive substances.

The coating can be done outside/indoors. The thickness of the coating layer varies in the range of 4-10 millimeters. The composition of the mixture includes: quartz sand, polymer fixative, pigments (if you want to obtain a coating of a certain shade).