Input cable to the apartment cross-section according to the standards

Recently, visitors to our site contacted us with a request to dwell in more detail on such an issue as the cross-section of wires in a city apartment. This is the reason for the appearance of this article, which, I hope, will be useful for those who are planning to make repairs or are simply concerned about the state of the electrical wiring in their home.

Even an uninitiated person understands that the size of the cross-section is determined by the total power of the devices connected to the intra-apartment electrical network. Its different sections are subject to different loads, according to which the thickness of the cable should be selected, which can be:

Introductory.
Powering an electric stove or hob.
Serving socket groups.
Powering lighting fixtures.

It is from the above division that I will proceed when talking about what cross-section a cable laid in a certain part of the apartment wiring should have.

If you are planning to install electrical wiring in your apartment with your own hands, be sure to read this article! It will help you avoid a large number of possible mistakes.

Requirements for electrical wiring in residential buildings according to PUE 7

Electrical wiring and cable lines

7.1.32. Internal wiring must be carried out taking into account the following:

Electrical installations of different organizations, separate administratively and economically, located in the same building, can be connected by branches to a common supply line or fed by separate lines from the ASU or main switchboard.
It is allowed to connect several risers to one line. On branches to each riser supplying apartments in residential buildings with more than 5 floors, a control device combined with a protection device should be installed.
In residential buildings, lamps in staircases, lobbies, halls, floor corridors and other indoor premises outside apartments must be powered via independent lines from the ASU or separate group panels powered from the ASU. Connecting these lamps to floor and apartment panels is not allowed.
For staircases and corridors with natural light, it is recommended to provide automatic control of electric lighting depending on the illumination created by natural light.
It is recommended to supply electrical installations of non-residential buildings with separate lines.

7.1.33. Supply networks from substations to VU, ASU, main switchboard must be protected from short-circuit currents.

7.1.34. In buildings, cables and wires with copper conductors* should be used.

(* Until 2001, according to the existing construction backlog, the use of wires and cables with aluminum conductors is allowed)

Supply and distribution networks, as a rule, must be made of cables and wires with aluminum conductors if their design cross-section is 16 mm 2 or more.

Power supply to individual electrical receivers related to the engineering equipment of buildings (pumps, fans, heaters, air conditioning units, etc.) can be carried out by wires or cables with aluminum conductors with a cross-section of at least 2.5 mm 2.

In museums, art galleries, and exhibition spaces, it is permitted to use lighting busbar trunking systems with a degree of protection IP20, in which the branch devices to the lamps have detachable contact connections located inside the busbar trunking box at the time of switching, and busbar trunking systems with a degree of protection IP44, in which the branching devices to the lamps are made with using plug connectors that ensure the branch circuit is broken until the plug is removed from the socket.

In these premises, lighting busbars must be powered from distribution points by independent lines.

In residential buildings, the cross-sections of copper conductors must correspond to the calculated values, but not be less than those indicated in Table 7.1.1.

7.1.35. In residential buildings, laying vertical sections of the distribution network inside apartments is not allowed.

It is prohibited to lay wires and cables from the floor panel in a common pipe, common box or channel that supply lines to different apartments.

Fire-retardant installation in a common pipe, common box or channel of building structures made of non-combustible materials, wires and cables of supply lines of apartments together with wires and cables of group lines of working lighting of staircases, floor corridors and other indoor premises is allowed.

Table 7.1.1. The smallest permissible cross-sections of cables and wires of electrical networks in residential buildings

Line names	Smallest cross-section of cables and wires with copper conductors, mm 2
Group network lines	1,5
Lines from floor to apartment panels and to the settlement meter	2,5
Distribution network lines (risers) for supplying apartments	4

7.1.36. In all buildings, group network lines laid from group, floor and apartment switchboards to general lighting fixtures, plug sockets and stationary electrical receivers must be three-wire (phase - L, neutral working - N and neutral protective - PE conductors).

Combining zero working and zero protective conductors of different group lines is not allowed.

The neutral working and neutral protective conductors are not allowed to be connected on panels under a common contact terminal.

Conductor cross-sections must meet the requirements of clause 7.1.45.

7.1.37. Electrical wiring in the premises should be replaced:

hidden - in the channels of building structures, embedded pipes;

open - in electrical skirting boards, boxes, etc.

In technical floors, undergrounds, unheated basements, attics, ventilation chambers, damp and especially damp rooms, it is recommended that electrical wiring be carried out openly.

In buildings with building structures made of non-combustible materials, permanent, monolithic installation of group networks is allowed in the grooves of walls, partitions, ceilings, under plaster, in the floor preparation layer or in the voids of building structures, carried out with cable or insulated wires in a protective sheath. The use of permanently embedded wiring in panels of walls, partitions and ceilings, made during their manufacture at construction industry factories or carried out in the mounting joints of panels during the installation of buildings, is not allowed.

7.1.38. Electrical networks laid behind non-passable suspended ceilings and in partitions are considered as hidden electrical wiring and should be carried out; behind ceilings and in the voids of partitions made of flammable materials in metal pipes with localization capabilities and in closed boxes; behind ceilings and in partitions made of non-combustible materials* - in pipes and ducts made of non-flammable materials, as well as flame retardant cables. In this case, it must be possible to replace wires and cables.

(* Suspended ceilings made of non-combustible materials mean those ceilings that are made of non-combustible materials, while other building structures located above suspended ceilings, including interfloor ceilings, are also made of non-combustible materials)

7.1.39. In rooms for cooking and eating, with the exception of apartment kitchens, open laying of cables is allowed. Open wiring of wires in these rooms is not allowed.

In apartment kitchens, the same types of electrical wiring can be used as in living rooms and corridors.

7.1.40. In saunas, bathrooms, toilets, showers, as a rule, hidden electrical wiring should be used. Open cable routing is allowed.

In saunas, bathrooms, toilets, showers, laying wires with metal sheaths, in metal pipes and metal sleeves is not allowed.

In saunas for zones 3 and 4 according to GOST R 50571.12-96 “Electrical installations of buildings. Part 7. Requirements for special electrical installations. Section 703: Premises Containing Sauna Heaters" electrical wiring with an insulation temperature rating of 170°C must be used.

(Note from the portal buildingclub.ru: more detailed information about electrical wiring in baths and saunas can be found on our portal: Electrical wiring in the bathroom, shower, sauna and bathhouse according to PUE 7

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7.1.41. Electrical wiring in attics must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Section. 2.

7.1.42. Through the basements and technical undergrounds of sections of the building, it is allowed to lay power cables with a voltage of up to 1 kV, supplying electrical receivers of other sections of the building. The specified cables are not considered as transit; laying transit cables through basements and technical undergrounds of buildings is prohibited.

7.1.43. Open laying of transit cables and wires through storerooms and warehouses is not permitted.

7.1.44. The lines supplying refrigeration units of trade and public catering enterprises must be laid from the ASU or main switchboard of these enterprises.

7.1.45. The selection of conductor cross-sections should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the relevant chapters of the PUE.

(Note from the portal buildingclub.ru: you can find out more about the cross-section of conductors on our portal: requirements for cables according to PUE.

Single-phase two- and three-wire lines, as well as three-phase four- and five-wire lines when supplying single-phase loads, must have a cross-section of zero working (N) conductors equal to the cross-section of phase conductors.

Three-phase four- and five-wire lines when supplying three-phase symmetrical loads must have a cross-section of zero working (N) conductors equal to the cross-section of phase conductors, if the phase conductors have a cross-section of up to 16 mm 2 for copper and 25 mm 2 for aluminum, and for large cross-sections - not less than 50% of the cross-section of phase conductors.

The cross-section of PEN conductors must be at least the cross-section of N conductors and at least 10 mm 2 for copper and 16 mm 2 for aluminum, regardless of the cross-section of the phase conductors.

Note! Electrical wiring in the apartment rules and regulations

The cross-section of PE conductors must be equal to the cross-section of phase conductors when the latter cross-section is up to 16 mm 2, 16 mm 2 when the cross-section of phase conductors is from 16 to 35 mm 2 and 50% of the cross-section of phase conductors for large cross-sections.

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The cross-section of PE conductors not included in the cable must be at least 2.5 mm 2 - in the presence of mechanical protection and 4 mm 2 - in its absence.

basic information

Wire or cable PVA is one of the most popular electrical products for household use. The cable is made of strands consisting of stranded copper wire. They, in turn, are connected and protected from external influences by a common polyvinyl chloride shell. Often, PVA specifically is included in extension cords of household and industrial types. The wire has increased resistance to various damages, and also excellently resists breakage when it is bent. The wire successfully withstands voltages up to 450V, its fire resistance class allows it to prevent combustion from occurring.

The cable also makes it possible to connect various devices and appliances, the power of which does not exceed 4300 W. These include, in particular, construction equipment (grinders, drills) and household appliances (hair dryers, vacuum cleaners). PVA can withstand up to 60 thousand bends, so it is very useful in the production of household extension cords.

In short, be sure that the PVS 3x2.5 cable is considered reliable and of quite high quality among other analogues.

The final purchase price is influenced by various characteristics of the PVA wire, including the number of cores, which can be selected at the consumer’s request. Depending on the number and areas of application of the cores, the cord can be involved in laying both single-phase and three-phase networks.

The versatility of PVA as a conductor lies in its convenience and universal parameters: excellent elasticity and wear resistance. PVA can withstand heavy loads both in fracture and in bending.

Section diameter is an indicator of cable power

Physical laws say that the maximum amount of current that this conductor can conduct through itself without heating depends on the cross-sectional diameter of the conductor. If you try to conduct a current more than the limit figure, this will lead to heating of the conductor, and the greater the current and the duration of the “session”, the higher the temperature.

For a residential subscriber, the above is interpreted as follows.

The diameter of the cable cross-section means the maximum permissible number of kilowatts (kW) that can be consumed in the apartment. That is, which and how many electrical appliances can operate simultaneously. The larger the diameter, the more devices can be used simultaneously without any fear for life and health. Theoretically, it is possible to “hang” more power on the cable than its diameter allows. But in this case, heating of the current-carrying conductor, damage to the insulation, followed by the effects of burnout, combustion... ignition, is inevitable.

Therefore, the choice of the cross-section of the input cable must be approached with all seriousness: after all, both the safety and ease of use of household electrical appliances depend on it.

Video description

Examples of decoding alphanumeric symbols can be seen in the following video:

Wire designations

The wires are also marked according to a similar scheme, but the number of characters in their code is smaller, so it is easier to “unravel” it. Detailed marking of cables and wires - explanation in the table:

As in the examples with cable decoding, the numbers after a series of letters indicate the number of bare cores in the wire (if there are many) and the size of their cross-section.

Examples of the most popular and frequently used wires are in front of you.

Characteristics and purpose of popular wiresSource samelectrik.ru

Section calculation algorithm

There is a proven diagram for calculating the cross-section of the input cable, which is used in design. It is based on the postulate that the cross-sectional diameter of the input cable is selected depending on the expected power of all devices operating in the apartment.

Stage 1: Inventory

At the first stage, a list of electrical appliances that are present in the apartment is compiled. It is assumed what equipment will be purchased in the future and the list is expanded. Assumptions, of course, are best made with a reasonable margin for the long-term future. Each device is assigned an approximate power consumption.

You can use a table that roughly shows a list of typical household electrical appliances and their approximate power consumption.

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Name of electrical appliance	Approximate power, W	Name of electrical appliance	Approximate power, W
TV	300	air conditioner	1500
Printer	500	instantaneous water heater	5000
computer	500	boiler	1500
hair dryer	1200	drill	800
iron	1700	hammer drill	1200
electric kettle	1200	electric sharpener	900
fans	1000	Circular Saw	1300
toaster	800	electric planer	900
coffee maker	1000	jigsaw	700
vacuum cleaner	1600	Grinder	1700
heater	1500	a circular saw	2000
Microwave	1400	compressor	2000
oven	2000	lawn mower	1500
electric stove	3000	electric welding machine	2300
fridge	600	water pump	1000
washing machine	2500	electric motors	1500
lighting	2000

Stage 2: Simple Arithmetic

Next, the total cardinality of our list is calculated. The approximate power required for lighting is added, depending on the size of the apartment, the expected lighting intensity, and the expected type of lighting fixtures.

The resulting figure is an estimate of the power consumption in the apartment for the case if all devices are turned on at the same time. However, such a situation is very unlikely, and therefore in electrical engineering it is generally accepted that a maximum of 75% of the available equipment is turned on at the same time. And the resulting total power is multiplied by a factor of 0.75, and the resulting figure is taken as the basis for calculating the cross-section of the input cable.

Stage 3: Logic and Physics

Currently, electrical cable cores are made of copper and aluminum. There are formula relations that connect the maximum permissible current (and, accordingly, power) for a copper cable with the diameter of its cross-section. For standard copper cable sizes, there are calculated current and maximum power ratings for 220V and 380V AC. The following table provides these figures in a "usable" form.

Conductor cross-section, mm	Voltage 220 V		Voltage 380 V
Conductor cross-section, mm	current, A	power, kWt	current, A	power, kWt
1,5	19	4,1	16	10,5
2,5	27	5,9	25	16,5
4	38	8,3	30	19,8
6	46	10,1	40	26,4
10	70	15,4	40	33,0
16	85	18,7	75	49,5

Let us assume that the calculated power of all devices is 12 kW, and with a coefficient of 0.75 - 9 kW. It turns out that you need to choose a cable for which the maximum permissible power will be at least 9 kW. For a voltage of 220 V, a cross-section with a diameter of 6 mm is required - it is capable of passing a current of 46 A and a power of 10.1 kW. For the smaller cross-section from the table - 4 mm - the maximum permissible current is 38 A, and the power is 8.3 kW. This is less than necessary, so a cable of this cross-section will not work and you should stop at a 6-mm cross-section.

If you choose a cable with a larger cross-section than necessary, this will provide a good reserve for the future (for example, the emergence of new powerful household appliances) and a reserve for wear. However, you should also not exceed the rated power too much: this will affect the cost of the input cable, and the input cable may turn out to be more powerful than the internal electrical wiring, which is not reasonable and safe.

What else is needed

A machine must be installed on the input cable, which will be tasked with turning off the power supply if the current approaches the maximum permissible level. The rating of the machine is selected slightly less than the maximum permissible current through the input cable: in this way an additional degree of protection is provided. In this example, you should install a 40 A machine.

So, the parameters of the input cable require careful selection. Errors threaten, for example, a “bottleneck” situation - when all the home electrical wiring is powerful enough, but the input cable is not able to provide the required power. The cross-sectional diameter of the input cable is selected taking into account the total power of electrical appliances that will be used in the room. In order for all the nuances to be taken into account and the input cable to serve for many years without any emergencies, it is better to entrust the reconstruction of the electrical wiring to professional electricians.

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Marking

For existing brands of PVC, the decoding of designations has the following standards (GOST 7399-97):

Tinned copper as phase wires - PVSL;
Antiseptic additives in the insulation material - PVST;
The flat section of the outer insulating layer is “ShV”;
Reinforced outer protective shell - “B”;
The insulation material has increased combustion resistance - “PS”.

In addition to the letter code, the PVC cable marking contains numbers, which are deciphered in the following order:

The number of conductors is indicated by the first digit.
After the “x” icon follows the cross-sectional area of 1 core in millimeters:

Two-core	Three-core	Four-core	Five-core
2x2.5	3x2.5	4x2.5	5x2.5
2x1.5	3x1.5	4x1.5	5x1.5
2x1	3x1	4x1	5x1
2x0.75	3x0.75	4x0.75	5,0,75

The same numbers indicate the weight of 1 km of the product:

0.75 mm²	0.1 mm²	1.5 mm²	2.5 mm²
Two-core	55.8 kg	66.1 kg	79.8 kg	102 kg
Three-core	63.7 kg	76.5 kg	96.5 kg	118.4 kg
Four-core	85.15 kg	107 kg	134.5 kg	170.6 kg
Five-core	133 kg	166.7 kg	203.8 kg	257.6 kg

What should be the cross-section of wires in apartment wiring?

Introductory.
Powering an electric stove or hob.
Serving socket groups.
Powering lighting fixtures.

It is from the above division that I will proceed when talking about what cross-section a cable laid in a certain part of the apartment wiring should have.

If you are planning to install electrical wiring in your apartment with your own hands, be sure to read this article! It will help you avoid a large number of possible mistakes.

Video description

The video will tell you more about the color marking of wires for single-phase and three-phase networks:

To install high-quality wiring in a house that will correspond to the network voltage, current loads and operating conditions, you need to choose the right wiring products for each area. After all, to connect a light bulb in the bathroom and an electric oven in the kitchen, you need products with different characteristics. Knowing the brands of cables and knowing how to read them, this will be easy to do.

Residential input cable cross-section

The power per input cable and, accordingly, the strength of the current carried by it is limited by the amount of allocated power, determined by Energosbyt and controlled by the input machine. Its response threshold is usually 25A. Most often, in apartment buildings, incoming automatic machines are installed in electrical panels outside apartments. The cable laid from the machine inside the living quarters is precisely the introductory one, which I will now talk about.

In apartments, the cross-section of the input cable can be:

in single-phase networks - copper cable 3 × 10 mm 2 (three-core - phase, ground and neutral; 10 mm 2 for each core) paired with a 50 A circuit breaker;
in three-phase networks - copper cable 5 × 4 mm 2 (five-core - three phases, ground and zero; 2.5 mm 2 for each core) paired with a 25 A circuit breaker.

The power supplied may vary depending on the age of the building and whether it has gas or electric stoves. Indirect evidence of the real value of this parameter can be the nominal value of the machine at the entrance to the apartment. In any case, you will never regret if the wires indicated just above are used as the input cable.

Design

The structure of a flat flexible wire is clear from Fig. 1.

Rice. 1. ShVVP cord design

Structurally, the flexible wire consists of copper conductors covered with polyvinyl chloride sheaths. They are located parallel in one plane, covered with individual multi-colored insulation. The flat profile of the cord is given by the shape of the outer shell, consisting of the same polyvinyl chloride, but with other additives.

ShVVP products use stranded copper conductors. The wires in the bundles are twisted to the left to enhance the strength of the core shape. This can be clearly seen in Figure 2.

Rice. 2. Type of copper conductors of the SHVVP wire

Please note: flat wires come in two-core and three-core types. Their PVC insulation has properties that are ideal for patch cords:

significant resistivity;
withstands short-term high temperatures generated by insulated conductors in critical situations. Rated operating temperature can reach 70ºC;
the material of the insulating layer ensures high flexibility of the wire (limit – up to 30,000 bends);
has a fairly long service life;
polyvinyl chloride is environmentally safe;

Some parameters and properties of the outer sheath are slightly different from the qualities of the insulating materials that protect the inner cores. More plasticizers and stabilizers are added to their composition, providing aesthetic appeal, resistance to sunlight, and better mechanical strength. These qualities are important for cords used in connecting household appliances and in the manufacture of extension cords.

Cable for apartment sockets

The optimal cross-section of wires serving apartment socket groups is 2.5 mm 2. This allows them to withstand currents of up to 27 A, which corresponds to a total power of approximately 6 kW. The use of conductors with a larger cross-section, for example, 4 mm 2, is impractical because:

Such cables simply cannot fit into the terminals of socket mechanisms.
Laying such cables is significantly more expensive and is not economically feasible.

And there is no practical need for thicker cables, because... It is rare to find household electrical appliances plugged into an outlet whose power exceeds 3.5 kW. Thus, by placing cables with a cross-section of 2.5 mm 2 in the wiring of the socket groups, you can sleep peacefully: they are able to withstand any electrical appliances, even if they operate for a long time.

Specifications

Table of the main parameters of the PVA wire.
The main thing is the operational data, the number and cross-section of the cores. All types have the same characteristics:

maximum permissible voltage 450 volts;
designed for networks where current is with a frequency of up to 50 Hz;
permissible core heating up to 70°, thermal stability – class Y;
fire resistance class - standard;
operating temperature from - 20°C to + 40°C.

The wire has increased mechanical strength and high resistance parameters. It can withstand up to 30 thousand bends.

Lighting system wire cross-section

Surely, you yourself understand that lighting fixtures place the least amount of stress on apartment electrical wiring. Therefore, a wire cross-section of 1.5 mm 2 is quite sufficient for a standard apartment in an apartment building. However, when laying the wiring, you should be absolutely sure that the total load of each lighting group does not exceed 3.5 kW. Due to the traditionally low load, all apartment lighting, as a rule, is reduced to one group, served by a 1.5 mm 2 cable.

A wire cross-section of 1.5 mm2 is quite sufficient for wiring that supplies power to lighting fixtures

So, to summarize, I’ll just remind you of the bare numbers. Most often, the cross-section of wires in a city apartment is:

input cable – 3×10 mm 2 (single-phase network), 5×2.5 mm 2 (three-phase network);
electric stove (hob) – 3×6 mm 2 (single-phase network), 5×2.5 mm 2 (three-phase network);
rosette groups – 3×2.5 mm 2;
lighting devices – 3×1.5 mm 2.

However, I must emphasize the phrase “most often” that I used. If you initially plan to install very powerful devices in your apartment, then before laying the electrical wiring you should make the necessary calculations so as not to make a mistake in choosing cables of the required cross-section. The best option is to contact a professional electrician.

Installation features

When connecting to a machine, plug or other device, the ends are exposed and the insulation is removed. According to the PUE, the conductors are connected by crimping the tip.

When laying a network outdoors, you need to take into account temperature fluctuations, humidity, the negative effects of UV rays, and the risk of mechanical damage. The main requirements are strength, hygroscopicity and combustion resistance. Outdoor installation is carried out in corrugated pipes, which are attached to a wall or other stationary objects.

PVA is not intended for installation in the ground. In extreme cases, it can be hidden inside a double-walled pipe. When installing in a damp room, the connection rules must be followed. Twists are not allowed. The best option is connection using heat shrink tubing.

Wire cross-section for entry into the apartment

Hello, I would like to rehang the panel in an apartment (new building, complete renovation) and accordingly I need to lengthen the input a little. I'm thinking of replacing it completely. Thinking about the section. The input is limited by a circuit breaker in the floor switchboard at 63A. On the Internet, or rather on Mastercity, there are two links to PUE tables » > » > According to the first, I need a section of 16 squares, and according to the second, 10 is enough. The question arose, how much is needed?

Nowadays it is almost impossible to find a cable with a non-undersized cross-section, so it is advisable to choose 16 mm2, because according to table 19 GOST R 53769-2010 back-to-back 10 mm2 is 63 A

At the same time, formally 10 mm2 is just 63 A, so it is an acceptable option, however, keep in mind that the machine can pass 1.45 nominal for up to 1 hour, and for a cable over several minutes this is no longer a short-term excess of current and Overheating may occur and damage the insulation.

In short, 16 mm2 is better, but 10 mm2 is also acceptable.

Quite right - 16 squares.

Alexiy wrote: At the same time, formally 10 mm2 is just 63 A, so it is an acceptable option, however, keep in mind that the machine can pass 1.45 nominal values up to 1 hour, and for a cable over several minutes - this is no longer short-term excess current and possible overheating, which will damage the insulation.

as an option, use a -FRLS cable; it has a permissible core temperature of 90C for several hours instead of 70 and allows emergency overloads. but at the price of 16mm2 it might be cheaper.

So as not to think about it in the future. AB 40A - 6mm2 AB 50A - 10mm2 AB 63A - 16mm2 AB 80A - 16mm2

correct me if I'm wrong av 10a - 1.5 mm2 av 16a - 2.5 mm2 av 25a - 4.0 mm2 av 32a - 6.0 mm2 av 40a - 6.0 mm2 (I doubt it) av 50a - 10.0 mm2 av 63a - 10.0 mm2 av 80a - 16.0 mm2

Ok, thanks everyone. In general, if the wire is from the market, then it’s definitely 16 squares.

And a related question, so as not to clutter up with topics, is it necessary to use corrugation when laying wires in a screed? After all, the medium is fireproof, cooling is better and the diameter is smaller. VVG cable, house - monolith.

StarWind wrote: Ok, thanks everyone. In general, if the wire is from the market, then it’s definitely 16 squares.

The corrugation will save you in case of emergency. if a crack forms in the screed, which will easily rupture the outer sheath of the cable.

user0552 wrote: correct me if I'm wrong av 10a - 1.5 mm2 av 16a - 2.5 mm2 av 25a - 4.0 mm2 av 32a - 6.0 mm2 av 40a - 6.0 mm2 (I doubt it) av 50a - 10.0 mm2 av 63a - 10.0 mm2 av 80a - 16.0 mm2

63 A - 16 mm kV 80 A - 25 mm kV Ampere must be capitalized - this is the person’s last name.

Alexiy wrote: Nowadays it is almost impossible to find a cable with a non-undersized cross-section

Well, why: when I bought a cable for myself - and this is about 100 m, I did not hesitate to take a caliper with me and before buying I measured the diameter of the cores

Alexiy wrote: Nowadays it is almost impossible to find a cable with a non-undersized cross-section.

If you need 4mm, take the one that says “6 mm”, if you need 1.5 mm, buy it, which is passed off as “2.5 mm”, and so on. But it's better to do this:

Magirus wrote: without hesitation, he took a caliper with him and measured the diameter of the cores before purchasing

Magirus wrote: I took a caliper with me and measured the diameter of the cores before purchasing

there is an error of 0.05, and this. 1.79mm is 2.5mm2, and 1.74 is 2.35mm2 (narrower), but in real life you can easily make a mistake by a factor of ten with such a rough instrument for these measurements, and this. 1.69 - 2.25mm2 I measured 5 or more options with a micrometer - the best that was 2.4, the worst - 2 with microns (!). At the stated 2.5mm. And 6ka pvs turned out to be generally less than 5 (something around 4.7-4.8, emnip).

Tsypra, approximately, from memory, was a long time ago.

I wonder if you measured the PVC correctly?

lightning wrote: If you need 4mm, take the one that says “6 mm”, if you need 1.5 mm, buy it, which is passed off as “2.5 mm” and so on.

Most manufacturers cruelly cut the multi-core, taking advantage of the difficulty of measuring resistance and cross-section. For example, I buy PVA 2.5 and get the real 1.35. I checked one core with a micrometer and multiplied. Monofilament is not cut so cruelly.

I wrote about monocore

helios1969 wrote: there is an error of 0.05, and this. 1.79mm is 2.5mm2, and 1.74 is 2.35mm2 (narrower), but in real life you can easily make a mistake by a factor of ten with such a rough instrument for these measurements, and this. 1.69 - 2.25mm2 I measured 5 or more options with a micrometer - the best that was 2.4, the worst - 2 with microns (!). At the stated 2.5mm. And 6ka pvs turned out to be generally less than 5 (something around 4.7-4.8, emnip).

Tsypra, approximately, from memory, was a long time ago.

Well, as if I didn’t think about the error of measurements with a caliper. You're right. But I have a bar with a pitch of 0.02 mm

Well, at least the blatant bullshit is already “cut off.”

Yes, there are still many factors to take into account: we bought a VVG-NG 2 x 2.5 cable from us in Kyiv - “Odessa cable” - it looks good, it bends with effort. And then I bought more from Leroy Merlin - it’s like Dneprpetrovsk does, but in appearance - the outer shell is visually thinner and the veins bend like tin (roughly how it feels). Either some kind of alloy, or, I also read, annealed copper or vice versa. But I’m not sure - someone who knows can correct me

Curious: why after the introductory 32A is there 40A (at the surge arrester)? Or: only for the refrigerator there is an AB 16A + RCD. Hmm, it’s probably like in a decent canteen, if for some reason the RCD goes off, the food won’t go rotten? Or on the gate AB 16A + RCD (probably a 5 kilowatt motor), the same thing - roller shutters? And the garage has no RCD. In fact, the loads, at least the ones indicated, are small. Why so many lines and RCDs is unclear. Or, apparently you like 4-pole AVs, but for some reason there are 3 at the input? I'm not saying there's anything wrong. Just commenting. And another question:

MIK wrote: The meaning of 1P+N machines has been described on the site more than once.

If possible, a link where this is described: I have never seen such a description. Curious to see what people think about this. But your explanation is wrong. The sum of AB currents after the RCD should not exceed In RCD. And further:

Metall wrote: Quote Message from SKL View message In front of each 25A RCD there should be an equal current circuit breaker, or better yet with a lower rating is not correct..

In this case, SKL is right. Perhaps Mr. Metall misunderstood what SKL wrote. Usually it sounds like this: “the rated current of the RCD should be chosen equal to, or one step higher than the rated current of the circuit breaker protecting this RCD.”

Electrolamp wrote: Ampere must be capitalized - this is the person’s last name

More precisely, apparently, like this: in the rules of the Russian language, abbreviations of basic units, if it is someone’s last name, are written with a capital letter, and subordinate units with a small letter, For example: ampere - A, kiloampere - kA, volt - V, kilovolt - kV etc. In any case, that’s what I was taught about 50 years ago. Now it may be different.

Input cable to the apartment cross-section according to the standards

The cable with which a consumer object (house, apartment, workshop, store, etc.) is connected to a power source is called an input cable. Most often, the input cable is connected directly to the electrical energy meter. To protect the meter, a circuit breaker may be installed in front of it, but such a scheme must be agreed upon with the electricity supplier and reflected in the technical specifications. In this case, the circuit breaker is sealed to prevent energy from being drawn to the meter.

Input cable into the house - types of connection and choice of brand

The power supply to the house is connected from the power line, the connection is made on the nearest pole (support). In some cases, when power line supports are remote from the site (for example, they are located across the road from the connected house), it may be necessary to install an additional support.

The input cable can be laid in two ways:

by air, from the power line support to the input distribution device;

underground in a prepared trench.

Air input

. Over-the-air power supply can be carried out by cable or self-supporting insulated wire (SIP).

Most types of installation cables (VVG, AVVG, etc.) are not intended for air suspension without the use of additional support. Such a support can be a stretched steel cable or wire. In the first case, the wiring is called cable, in the second - string. The ends of the cable or string are attached to the overhead line support on one side and to the building structures at the entrance to the house on the other. The cable being laid is rigidly attached to a supporting steel cable or wire.

Bare, uninsulated wires of overhead power distribution lines are gradually being replaced by self-supporting insulated wires (SIP). Power lines with insulated wires (VLI) are more reliable. The use of SIP eliminates the most common types of damage to overhead lines with bare conductors - overlapping of wires and their shorting by foreign objects. SIP is the most preferred option for an over-the-air input wire, which can be used when connecting to both an overhead line (line with a bare wire) and a VLI (line with an insulated wire).

The aerial connection of the input cable to power lines up to 1000 volts is carried out using SIP - 2 or SIP - 4 wires. The neutral and phase conductors of these wires are insulated. The zero conductor of SIP-2 is equipped with a steel supporting core, on which the wire is suspended. SIP-4 does not have a core; when it is suspended, the load is carried by the current-carrying conductors themselves.

Underground input

. For laying in a trench, a cable is selected that can withstand the weight of the soil and the shear force that occurs during its settlement. Therefore, the most suitable for this purpose are the VBBbShv cable with copper conductors or the AVBbShv aluminum input cable. The core insulation of these types of cables is made of PVC plastic. On top of the insulated cores there is a layer of PVC or unvulcanized rubber filling and an inner polyvinyl chloride sheath. This is followed by armor made of galvanized steel tape and an external pressed-out protective hose. VBBShV and AVBBShV conductors can be made single-wire or multi-wire, and the cross-section of the conductor can be in the shape of a circle or a sector.

Features of air and underground input. The advantages and disadvantages of installing the input cable over the air and underground are reflected in the table:

over-the-air input cable

Which is better VVGng Ls or NYM

Now that we have decided on the last cable index (LS), all that remains is to choose whether it will be the NYM or VVG option. Here, from a technical point of view and compliance with current GOSTs, there is not much difference.

Choose any type - VVGngLS or NYM, but again not a simple one, namely NYMng LS.

The NYM cable is made according to the German standard (at least it should). Previously, this cable was positioned as a desirable replacement for VVG, but with improved characteristics.

It has a round shape, which is very convenient for installation, installation and sealing of seals in distribution cabinets.

True, for high-quality cutting of such products you will need a special insulation stripper.

But buying a round VVG is not always quick. Inside NYM, between isolated veins, there is a chalk-filled porous mass.

In fact, this means almost triple insulation. However, the outer shell has a significant drawback.

It is not resistant to ultraviolet radiation, so this cable cannot be laid outside the house along the walls.

Another drawback is that it is almost impossible to find special NYMng-LS brands on the open market. The VVGngLS cable is much more accessible, cheaper and easier to manufacture.

Here's a comparison of the prices of both options in online stores. Feel what is called the difference.

Please note that we are talking only about the GOST cable, and not about those “counterfeits” manufactured according to the technical conditions invented by the plant itself. Read in detail about all the pitfalls and troubles that you will certainly encounter when working not only with cables, but also with SIP wires manufactured according to specifications in a separate article.

By the way, the cable on sale is not NYM, but NUM or NUM. This brand is also produced by cable factories, but without German VDE quality certificates. They purposefully change the name so as not to have problems with the license.

When purchasing such products, no one guarantees you how long they will last and whether they will meet all the declared characteristics in comparison with the originals. Here you act at your own peril and risk.

Some electricians claim that in order to comply with all GOSTs when installing electrical wiring in a house, the usual “correct” NYM will do. After all, its composition is practically no different from VVGng-LS.

This is not entirely true. Take a look at the technical specifications table below for a simple NYM.

It shows that there are simply no special functions that would allow it to be used in residential apartments without any problems!

That's why craftsmen, developers and electricians use VVNG LS everywhere. This is the most optimal option in terms of price and quality, fully meeting the requirements of GOST.

Input cable to the apartment

General-purpose installation cables, such as VVG, are used as the input cable into the apartment. For systems with a working and protective neutral wire, the number of cable cores must be at least three.

The apartment input cable connects the floor panel and the apartment panel. In old-type houses, there may be no internal panel, and distribution within the apartment is carried out through connection boxes. When carrying out renovations in an old apartment, it is advisable to provide for the installation of an interior panel.

Important to know: Cable entry into the apartment is carried out using a two-wire or three-wire circuit. Input into apartments of modern houses is carried out using the TN–S or TN–C–S system using three wires:

L - phase conductor;

N - working neutral conductor;

PE - protective neutral wire.

In old houses, a TN-C grounding system is implemented, in which the working and protective neutral wires are combined, that is, power is supplied through two wires - L and PEN.