Schemes of two-pipe heating systems for a private house

Heating is one of the most important communications in an apartment. This system is necessary for heating the home during the cold season.

Previously, apartments were heated using a central heating system (CHS). But today many are switching to “autonomy”.

Read more about how to make individual heating in an apartment building further in the article.

Why do residents refuse central heating?

There are a number of reasons for this:

• unjustified heating costs;
• poor-quality heating of the apartment during the cold period;
• improper heat distribution (especially for corner apartments and rooms located on the ground floor);
• dependence on the established timing of the heating season (cold in autumn and hot in spring);
• inability to maintain the desired temperature at any time.

Judging by the reviews, those who abandoned the central heating system and spent money on installing a “autonomous system” quickly return the invested funds, saving on utility bills.

Pros and cons of individual heating

The advantages of autonomous heating are obvious:

1. Significant savings. According to reviews from residents who have switched to “autonomy”, heating costs are reduced by 5–7 times.
2. Ability to regulate the air temperature in the apartment. Some heating systems allow you to set the required mode, in which the intensity of heating the room changes at programmed intervals. For example, in the first half of the day, when all family members are at work or school, the temperature drops, and in the evening it rises again. This mode also leads to cost savings.
3. Hot water supply.
4. Possibility of choosing radiators. Any batteries are suitable for an autonomous system, since in this case there is no possibility of water hammer.

The disadvantages of an individual heating system are as follows:

1. High cost of equipment and system elements.
2. Dependence of the latest boiler models on power supply.
3. The need to install a new heating circuit.
4. In many cases, it is necessary to install a suitable exhaust duct.

Warm baseboard

This design is a system of radiators installed above the baseboard or instead of it. Decorative panels are used to hide it, so it will not be clear to the average person that this is a heating installation.

In its principle, this method is similar to a one-pipe system. Water is supplied through the upper tube connected to the lower one at the end of the baseboard.

• Easy installation;
• Small sizes;
• Efficient heating;
• Small difference in coolant from the beginning to the end of the segment;
• Corrosion resistance;
• Dissipative plates are placed on the pipes themselves;
• The system perfectly warms the external walls;
• Ensuring uniform heating of the air in the room.

• The system will not cope with full heating of the room at significant negative temperatures;
• It is recommended not to make a contour more than 15 meters in length;
• High cost of the system;
• It is not recommended to block the air flow with furniture.

Installation of this type of heating pipe distribution in a private house is distinguished by its simplicity. A special strip is placed on the wall, on which there are sections connected to each other using crimping. And two pipes are connected to the boiler.

It is not necessary to use only one type of wiring in a house. You can combine them as needed. It is important to perform accurate calculations that take into account actual losses and hydraulic differences.

Source

How to switch to individual heating?

In order to understand how to switch an apartment to individual heating, you need to know the legal norms.

The installation procedure is regulated by several regulations, namely:

• Federal Law No. 190 “On Heat Supply”;
• Art. 26-27 Housing Code of the Russian Federation;
• Government Decree No. 307.

To transfer an apartment to individual heating in an apartment building you need:

1. Submit an application for waiver of the CSO.
2. Obtain the consent of various structures for this.
3. Submit an application to the district electrical network office for the installation of individual heating in the apartment.

To install autonomous heating in an apartment, it is necessary to obtain the consent of local authorities, residents of the entire building, gas workers, and architects.

What must be observed during the transition?

The legislation imposes the following requirements for the premises where autonomous heating will be installed:

1. Room area: from 4 m² with a ceiling height of 2.5 m.
2. Door width: at least 80 cm.
3. The room must have at least one window.
4. Do not place a gas stove or heating appliances close to the boiler. A distance of at least 30 cm must be maintained between them.
5. The boiler is installed on a load-bearing wall at least 1.5 m from the floor.

If individual heating is installed in an apartment with your own hands, then you need to strictly follow the instructions included with the boiler. But only gas service workers should connect the boiler.

Installation procedure for autonomous heating

So, how to make individual heating in an apartment? First, you need to get a waiver from the CSO. Then you need to collect a package of documents on the reconstruction of living space, containing:

• application for reorganization;
• technical certificate of the premises;
• title documents for housing;
• residential refurbishment project;
• written consent of all family members;
• conclusion of the authorities for the protection of architectural monuments on the possibility of reconstructing the premises.

After reviewing the application, the Management Company will issue written permission to disconnect the apartment from the CSO . This permit will serve as the basis for ordering technical conditions for the installation of individual heating.

If you plan to install a gas boiler, your request should be addressed to the gas service. Technical specifications are issued within 10 days.

Refusal is possible only in non-gasified regions, as well as where it is not possible to purchase gas in cylinders.

Next, purchase a certified boiler and contact a design organization in order to develop a project for installing the boiler, taking into account technical conditions and capabilities.

Then a project is carried out to disconnect from the central heating system at the heat supply organization . The basis for this will also be written permission from the HOA to disconnect the apartment from the central heating. It is important to receive a written response.

With the project documentation, go to the local branch of the All-Russian Voluntary Fire Society (VDPO), where you will receive a fire safety report for the project. If necessary, make a design for the chimney.

All this documentation is approved by the administration, where within 45 days they must issue a conclusion on approval (or refusal) of the reconstruction of the premises. The refusal can be appealed in court.

Negative points

Individual heating requires a complex process of documentation and construction work with separate material costs.

What is the complexity of the procedure:

1. The work is carried out legally and all technical requirements are met. Carrying out unauthorized reconstruction will not exempt you from utility bills; installing equipment without permission will result in administrative penalties including dismantling of the devices.
2. You need to obtain permits, disconnect from central communications, and develop a project.
3. Installation work belongs to a complex category; it is performed by specialists with the necessary skills.
4. Registration of documents, purchase of equipment, installation - require specific costs.

When the owner goes through all the stages of arranging autonomous heating, he becomes responsible for its prevention and the safe operation of all installations.

Inspectors from specialized organizations will visit the apartment. In the event of an accident, officials will be held accountable by law for each violation.

How to calculate a heating system?

In order to maintain a comfortable temperature in the apartment, it is necessary to properly install the heating system . To do this, you need to make accurate calculations. It all depends on the area of ​​the room (S) and the power of the gas boiler (W) per 10 m². It is also worth considering the climatic features of the region.

The power of the heating boiler is calculated using the formula: boiler = SW beat. / 10. This simple calculation will help you choose the boiler needed for your apartment.

Heating calculations also depend on the type of heating system. The most optimal option for an apartment is a two-pipe system . It is more expensive and more complex than a single-pipe one, but the heating quality will be higher. All batteries will heat up evenly. A single-pipe system is suitable only for a small number of radiators.

How to choose a boiler?

Having decided on the power of the boiler, proceed to choosing its type . The boiler can be single-circuit (i.e., intended only for heating) or double-circuit (in addition to heating, the boiler heats water).

Next you need to decide on the type of fuel. Boilers are single-fuel (gas boilers or electric boilers) and combined type, that is, they can operate on different types of fuel (for example, gas + electricity or gas + liquid fuel + electricity).

It is also worth considering when choosing a boiler - the material of manufacture; This factor affects the lifespan of the equipment. Boilers made of steel or cast iron are quite heavy and more difficult to install, but they last a long time.

A gas boiler

Autonomous gas heating is the most relevant today, since gas is considered the cheapest type of fuel.

A closed-type gas wall-mounted boiler with a combustion chamber, according to experts, is the best option for home heating today. It has a horizontal smoke exhaust system, due to which carbon monoxide escapes to the street.

Advantages of a gas boiler:

• silent operation;
• multi-level security system;
• maintaining the required temperature in the apartment, regardless of gas pressure;
• acceptable price.

Electric boiler

Electric heating can be the main or additional heating option. The system is easy to use, easy to install, and takes up little space.

Electric boilers can be wall-mounted or floor-mounted . Both options are effective, silent, and functional.

Electric heating is less in demand than gas heating, but in the future, perhaps, this type of fuel will become more relevant.

Which boiler is better: gas or electric?

The construction of a liquid heating system with heat generators using electricity and gas is similar, therefore, when comparing, boilers are directly evaluated.

The decision to choose the type of boiler is made based on local conditions.

Advice! If technical conditions allow, the cost of design and installation is moderate, then preference is given to gas boilers.

Selection of pipes and radiators

The most popular today are polypropylene pipes . Their operating temperature is no more than 95 °C, which is quite enough for the operation of gas and electric boilers. The number of pipes is determined by the wiring diagram. For a two-pipe system you will need more of them than for a one-pipe system.

As for batteries, the most suitable option for “autonomy” is sectional batteries . The length of the radiator is affected by the quality of heat transfer of one section, which depends on the material of manufacture. So, the steel section produces 85 watts of heat, cast iron - 110 watts, aluminum - from 175 to 199 watts, bimetallic - 199 watts.

To calculate the area that one section can heat with a ceiling height of 2.7 m, divide the heat transfer rate by 100.

For example, a cast iron section heats 1.1 m². The number of sections for the radiator is calculated depending on the size of the room.

Circuit mounting options

The main pipeline transporting the coolant can not only have different configurations, called wiring, but also be installed differently.

When choosing an installation option, you should take into account aesthetic, energy and economic feasibility.

The installation of the highway can be done in two ways: open or hidden:

• The open installation method is simpler and cheaper - the circuit is laid in accordance with the selected wiring diagram, and the only additional work required is to secure the pipes to prevent their deformation. In addition, in this case, the main line, in addition to transporting the coolant, also performs a heat transfer function, that is, it additionally heats the premises. At the same time, a pipeline left in sight spoils the interior, it is not protected from external damage and is itself a source of danger: you can get burned on it, flammable materials left nearby can ignite, and if the pipeline ruptures, not only damage to the external and internal decoration of the room, but also there is a risk of injury.
• Installing a pipeline in a hidden way involves laying pipes in channels made in the wall, floor, under the baseboard or behind the suspended ceiling. A simplified option is to make a false wall or use boxes and various pipe covers. Concealed installation ensures safety and looks more aesthetically pleasing.

Important! Pipes hidden from view increase energy costs. In addition, the labor costs for equipping such a highway and the consumption of materials increase, and when using false walls and overlays, the usable space of the premises decreases.

How much does it cost to install autonomous heating in 2021?

It is impossible to say exactly how much it will cost to switch to an individual heating system. It all depends on the cost of the material, on the tariffs for processing documents in the region. Still, most of the costs are the purchase of equipment and the work of specialists to install the system.

The most expensive part is the boiler. Gas units are cheaper than electric units and cost at least 10,000 rubles. The larger the area of ​​the apartment, the more powerful (and therefore more expensive) the boiler will be required.

And if you take into account safety and durability when choosing, then such units (and they are usually imported) will cost several times more than domestically produced boilers.

The most popular bimetallic batteries today will cost about 400 rubles per section. The choice of pipes is now very large: you can choose expensive metal or reliable polypropylene pipes, which cost a little less. Various small parts will also be needed: taps, locking devices, etc.

In general, the transition to individual heating in Moscow will cost approximately 100-140 thousand rubles . The amount seems impressive, but in the future everything will more than pay off. And there’s no need to talk about comfort and convenience.

So, installing individual heating in an apartment has its own characteristics. The documentation and permitting part will take a lot of time and effort. And money, of course, will also be required. But, judging by the reviews, a well-installed “autonomy” is worth it.

Video: Autonomous heating of an apartment - pros and cons

Positive factors

The owner must evaluate all the advantages of the reconstruction and find out the negative aspects of a radical replacement of the system. Positive indicators that the owner receives:

1. The apartment can be heated at any cool time, regardless of the season. The central system is turned on and off according to the standards established in the region, based on the average temperature values ​​​​by season. Often this does not coincide with weather conditions, which are unstable with large fluctuations during the day.
2. With autonomy they regulate the temperature in the rooms; central heating does not keep track of energy consumption according to their locations and insulation. In a house, the apartment can be located inside or be a corner one, which is blown by external winter air currents. In the management company, costs for resources are distributed so that there are no losses; accruals are made in the same amount per 1 sq.m. The owner pays according to the size of the occupied space. Apartments, like the rooms in them, may differ from each other in location and amount of heat consumed. With autonomous heating, every factor is taken into account to create a comfortable microclimate and save money.
3. An individual heating system can be easily set to a specific mode, so as not to completely heat, but to maintain the temperature in the absence of residents. When the apartment is occupied, the automation heats the rooms to optimal parameters. Technical devices regulate heating remotely; when installing programs, the equipment reacts to worsening weather, they can be controlled.
4. Lower energy consumption reduces operating costs but increases efficiency.
5. If you install a double-circuit boiler, it will create hot water supply bypassing the central supply. The apartment will be exempt from general preventive maintenance in the house. The owner will pay for the actual consumption of resources recorded by the meter.