When arranging an autonomous source, care must be taken to install filters that eliminate mechanical impurities. Let's take a closer look at what devices are used for rough cleaning of well water from sand grains. Recommendations from experienced professionals will allow you to complete the installation yourself, saving on the involvement of specialized teams.
Filter for cleaning wells from sand.
How to determine the quality of well water
The ideal option is to submit the water for laboratory analysis, which will reveal its transparency, contamination with bacteria, the presence of salts, metals and other troubles. But the easiest way to determine whether water is suitable for drinking and household use is to pour it into a transparent container and see what happens to it after a couple of hours. If the transparency has not become higher, if a thick layer of sediment has formed at the bottom of the dish, if the water itself emits unpleasant odors, then you should not use it.
Of course, it is necessary to inspect the well for its integrity. Typically, cloudy water appears only if soil gets into it. Therefore, it is necessary to call repairmen who will seal the seams between the elements of the well shaft and replace the bottom filter, consisting of crushed stone.
If the color of the water is opaque, then disinfection is required. And also erect a canopy over the hydraulic structure, which will protect the well from debris, precipitation and sunlight. By the way, it is the sun that contributes to the “blooming” of water.
Muddy and clear water Source vodatyt.ru
If the water from a well is brown or yellow, then this is a sign that it contains a lot of iron salts. But here no methods other than filtering will help.
That is, it turns out that building a well is, although not an easy task, requiring certain financial investments, but it is a one-time thing. It is more difficult to organize water purification. And these are the same financial investments, only constant ones, because filtration requires constant monitoring of the cleaning efficiency. And this can only be achieved by replacing the filter elements.
But experts assure that the purity of water from a well largely depends on the technical condition of the hydraulic structure itself. Therefore, it must be repaired at least once every five years, because colonies of bacteria, which are mucus, form on the walls, the sealing of the seams between the shaft elements decreases, and the bottom filter decreases in thickness. Therefore, water is pumped out from the well, the mucus is scraped off mechanically, after which the walls of the shaft are treated with disinfectant compounds, joints are repaired, and the bottom filter is changed or supplemented.
Well cleaning and repair Source sense-life.com
General information
Filter systems are designed to retain small particles, thereby ensuring the primary purification of the incoming liquid from the water intake source. A coarse water filter for wells in autonomous water supply lines retains clay, grains of sand, and silt. With a central water supply, this kind of contamination does not penetrate into it, but in the process of transporting liquid through old water pipes, rust particles get into it. Moreover, the chemical composition does not change.
It is possible to maintain the normal operation of the filter only if it is periodically cleaned or new mesh equipment is installed. Cleaning devices without self-cleaning involves dismantling the mesh and washing it. Before unscrewing the mud trap, you need to close the access of water to the filter device.
When the mesh is cleaned, ensuring that there is no deformation on it, the device is assembled in the reverse order. Moreover, you need to pay attention to the condition of the silicone seals; if there are leaks in the connection area, they simply change.
Mesh filter devices have a simple design Source teplocity.com
Attention! Cartridge designs do not require cleaning; if they become clogged with dirt, the cartridge is simply replaced.
A coarse water filter is placed in front of the meter, washing machine and dishwasher; this helps reduce the likelihood of equipment failure due to incoming low-quality liquid and thereby extends the operating time of the devices.
So, among the main functions of filtering equipment it should be noted:
- protection of the pipeline from abrasive damage;
- retention of dirt particles dangerous to people;
- getting rid of unpleasant tastes and odors due to contaminated particles in water;
- protection of equipment from premature wear;
- prevention of pipeline clogging.
This equipment has different levels of cleaning, sizes, designs, but operates on the same principle - it allows water to pass through, creating a barrier to the passage of polluting particles.
A mud trap must be placed in front of the water meter Source moikolodets.ru
Autonomous water supply diagram
Before moving on to the topic of which water filter to choose for a summer house from a well, it is necessary to explain what an autonomous water supply network is. It consists of:
- a pump with which water is supplied from the well to the house ;
- piping;
- filter systems for water purification;
- sometimes a tank in which water is collected for storage .
In such a water supply system, two types of pumping equipment are used.
Superficial
They got their name only because they are installed on the surface of the well, without being lowered into the water. A hose or plastic pipe equipped with a mesh filter is lowered into the shaft. The latter is designed to hold large undissolved particles: pebbles, organic matter, garbage, sand, etc.
Surface pump for drawing water from a well Source eka-proffiks.ru
Since the water supply system is a system with constant off-season operation, it is necessary to create all the conditions for the pump to be located in an insulated space. There are several options for this:
- inside the well , where a platform is built from metal profiles , on which the pump is installed;
- carry out the installation of a caisson , inside which a pump , part of the piping and locking fittings are mounted;
- an insulated building is erected next to the hydraulic structure , which can be used additionally for domestic needs;
- install the pump inside the house : either in a specially designated utility room , or in the basement .
Scheme of an autonomous water supply system with installation of a surface pump in the basement of a house Source www.bigam.ru
Submersible
From the name it becomes clear that this modification of water pumps is partially or completely immersed in water. That is, it is located inside the well, and a pipe is already led from the device itself directly into the house. The design of the submersible pump already includes a strainer located on the suction pipe of the unit.
These are small pumps, compact, but with a sufficiently large power that can provide water to a small country house. As for the pressure, these devices cannot boast of a large indicator. That's why they are used to pump water from shallow depths (up to 10 m), which wells have.
Installing a submersible pump in a well Source stroyportal.ru
See also: Catalog of companies that specialize in water supply and sewerage.
Design features of coarse water filters to remove sand
By design, such devices consist of a body made of durable impermeable material with a mesh grille, as well as a special internal filler. Their main function is to retain large mechanical particles contained in drinking liquid.
Installation of cleaning devices of one type or another into the water supply system is carried out using a threaded or flanged method. Such devices are designed to clean and eliminate large solid particles of impurities, which lightens the load on all system elements.
Filtration system
In this article we will not talk about the simplest water filters, which include jugs and special attachments. With their help, you can purify only slightly contaminated water that enters the house from the central water supply network. Our task is to talk about those devices that fight heavy pollution.
Coarse filter
Essentially, this is the same mesh device, only it is more advanced. That is, the mesh (metal or synthetic) is enclosed in a housing, which is cut into the piping after the pump. The main task of this type of filter is to purify water from large impurities. The particle size is determined by the size of the mesh cells.
It is this filter that retains sand, clay, small pebbles, pieces of caked lime, scale and other impurities. Most often it is made of stainless steel, in which holes are made with sizes ranging from 50 to 400 microns. The smaller the holes, the more efficiently the device works, that is, it purifies the water cleaner. Such devices have practically no limitation on their service life. They are reliable and rarely require repairs.
Coarse mesh filter Source neptun163.ru
In this regard, filter devices with polymer cartridges (usually propylene) are reliable units, but they quickly become clogged with dirt. Therefore, this group of filters is made with removable filter elements. After contamination, they are simply washed with water or replaced with new ones.
Manufacturers today offer coarse filters of different designs:
- with coupling or flange connection;
- straight or inclined;
- with or without flushing.
Obliques differ from straight ones in that the mesh element in the form of a cylinder is installed at an angle to the water flow in the former, and perpendicular to the latter. At the same time, in the design of the device there is a reservoir, which is where the mesh cylinder is installed, which additionally performs the functions of a sludge collector. That is, large particles that did not pass through the mesh settle to its bottom, and small particles of dirt settle on the latter.
Cartridge-type coarse filter with flushing Source m.yukle.mobi
Among all the known coarse filters, there are both washable and non-washable types. But cartridge models are mostly non-flushable. How do they differ from each other? Non-flushing devices are devices whose filter elements are tightly sealed into the filter housing. That is, you won’t be able to pull them out and wash them. On the contrary, flushing ones can be easily disassembled, the mesh is washed and installed in place for further use. Let us add that flushing models can only be installed on horizontal sections of pipework.
Which one is better for a summer house?
First of all, determine the parameters that you will use when purchasing a device for your home or garden. We recommend paying attention to:
- Water quality . It is necessary to take a fluid sample. The analysis is performed in the laboratory. If the water contains a large amount of mechanical impurities (rust, sand), it is recommended to install a mesh filter with large cells of 400 microns. A mesh with small cells will quickly become clogged and become unusable.
- Amount of water consumption . Calculating the amount of water per family is very simple. According to average statistics, a person consumes 2.5 - 3 liters of liquid per day. This figure must be multiplied by the number of family members. The higher the consumption, the more often you will have to flush the equipment from contaminants.
When choosing a country filter, pay attention to:
- Bandwidth;
- Allowable pressure;
- Section diameter;
- Price range.
The price of a filter for a summer house directly depends on the complexity of the equipment. The more complex the invention, the higher the price . More modern models include a pressure gauge.
Video description
In the video, a specialist talks about the fine filter:
Main filters
The group of pre-cleaning filters includes devices called main ones. They got their name only because they cut into the main pipe of an autonomous water supply system. This is a flask-shaped device, the body of which is made of steel or plastic. The device itself is collapsible, because a filter element is installed inside the flask.
The most important thing is that main filters easily purify water that flows through pipes at a decent speed - 20-50 l/min. At the same time, they retain not only impurities, but also chlorine, which gives the water a pleasant taste.
There are a huge variety of filters of this type on the market:
- by degree of purification;
- according to the power of water flow;
- by type of case and cartridge;
- according to the level of hydraulic losses;
- by the temperature of the liquid that flows inside the device.
The last position is important because there are filters for cold water and for hot water. The former can be used as a water filter for a garden from a well. But the latter cannot be installed with the hot water supply system at home.
Main filters in an autonomous water supply system Source blog-potolok.ru
Features of installation and maintenance
The standard option involves installing the device on the inlet pipe of the water main. If the pipeline configuration is complex, it is possible to install a filtration system before each point of consumption.
Diagram of locating the filter for cleaning.
The final stage is testing the equipment to identify possible errors. If a violation of the tightness of the connections is detected, the leak is eliminated.
High-quality installation is ensured subject to the following conditions:
- the filter is installed in front of the meter, preventing the possibility of clogging the device;
- installation work is carried out by directing the sump to the lower position;
- the location of the device must coincide with the direction of flow.
The frequency of maintenance is determined by the degree of water clogging and the operating time of the water supply system. The need for maintenance measures can be determined by the readings of pressure gauges installed before and after the filter.
A large measurement difference indicates that the device is dirty. The mesh is cleaned and the cartridge is replaced.
Video description
The video shows water filters as a cheap and reliable option for purifying water from iron:
Reverse Osmosis Filtration System
This is the most modern approach to filtering water from wells. Moreover, it is the most effective because it cleans by 99%. Other filters cannot boast of such indicators. In the device itself, the water goes through several degrees of purification, and the output appears as a liquid whose performance is not inferior to drinking water produced by the best manufacturers.
So, a reverse osmosis system consists of:
- preliminary water purification , where small impurities and chlorine are removed, the process itself is three-stage and is carried out in three flasks installed in series;
- Membrane-type filtration is a perforated membrane in which holes with a diameter of 0.0001 microns are made over the entire area.
The main element is the membrane. It works on an interesting principle. Water is supplied under pressure and passes through the holes into the next compartment in the form of molecules. But all known impurities cannot pass through such small holes. This is how cleaning happens. But the reverse osmosis system has one serious requirement - the filter will only work if water is supplied to the membrane under a pressure of at least 1 atm. If this is not followed, liquid will not be able to pass through the holes. But since an autonomous water supply network is primarily a pump, the water pressure inside the system can be guaranteed.
Reverse osmosis filter Source stroy-podskazka.ru
As for the three-stage pre-cleaning, the first flask is a pre-filter that allows undissolved impurities no larger than 5 microns to pass through. The second flask is a device filled with activated carbon, with which organics and chlorine are retained. And the third flask is a fine filter that retains undissolved particles with a diameter of no more than 1 micron.
A reverse osmosis filter is a rather bulky product that is usually installed in a cabinet under the sink. Today, manufacturers, trying to increase the quality of drinking water, complete the filter with a so-called mineralizer, which is filled with tourmaline balls. This mineral saturates water with sodium, magnesium and calcium.
Universal option: component filter
- What's good: high quality filtration, ease of use
- What's bad: three cartridges require periodic replacement
The most popular situation: you have water from a well (no matter artesian or “sand”), but there is sediment, a yellowish color or an unpleasant odor in it. This water needs additional purification, and the best choice would be a high-quality component filter. There are several produced:
These models usually have three or four cartridges, each of which does its own job. For example, the first performs filtration from mechanical particles, the second gets rid of chlorine, the third is responsible for iron removal and softening. To remove purified water, as a rule, a separate tap is provided, which can be mounted to the sink. Very convenient - no jugs, just open the tap and pour water.
- Home Appliances
We create comfort at the dacha: affordable equipment for your comfort
Pressure
An important technical characteristic of the filter, which determines its performance and applicability in a particular water supply system. To make the right choice, you need to know the pressure (or range of pressure values) in your water supply system. To do this, it is necessary to make appropriate measurements (by inviting an appropriate specialist).
According to SNiP2.0401-85, the pressure in centralized cold water supply systems should be from 0.3 to 6 bar , for hot water supply from 0.3 to 4.5 bar . But the actual state of affairs in a single water supply system may differ significantly from the accepted standards. Problems associated with pressure surges in the system can be partially solved by installing a pressure reducer; it will help stabilize the upper pressure values at the selected level (in the case of low pressure, it will not help).
very important to stabilize the pressure in the system precisely at the upper values, the fact is that, for example, the throughput of drain systems for plumbing (even very expensive and branded manufacturers) is designed for a certain volume of water, in case the calculated volume is exceeded, if forgotten, in If the water tap is open, you risk drowning not only your apartment, but also all the neighbors below (in the case of a multi-storey building).
We also note that filter models equipped with a pressure gauge and pressure reducer . As a rule, these are filters with a direct type mud trap. Their cost will naturally be higher than analogues without a gearbox and pressure gauge.
The characteristics of the filter, depending on the trading platform (if it is an online store), may indicate: nominal pressure (Py or PN), maximum working pressure, working pressure (Pp), minimum inlet pressure. Next, we will try to figure out what the seller means by these terms and whether the values provided will always make our choice easier.
Nominal filter pressure
Conditional filter pressure (or nominal pressure, may be designated PN ) is the design pressure at a temperature of 20 °C , used when calculating the strength of standard vessels (assemblies, parts, fittings). In the countries of the former Soviet Union, Ru ” may be used PN ”. A number of nominal pressures PN of pipeline fittings are regulated by GOST 26349-84 “Nominal (conditional) pressures”.
For example, the designation PN 10 is equivalent to the designation PN 10 and indicates that the nominal (or conditional) pressure of the filter is 10 bar or 1 MPa or 9.86923 atm . (
In catalogs and technical documentation for the filter, the conditional (nominal) pressure is often indicated:
- in BAR (1 bar ≡ 0.1 MPa = 0.986923 atm)
- in atmospheres (1 atm ≡ 1.01325 bar or 1 bar = 0.986923 atm)
- in Megapascals MPa (1 MPa = 9.86923 atm = 10 bar)
Maximum working pressure
Many online stores use this term, but do not give it an exact definition. When examining the offers of online stores for the same product, different sites use different terms under this characteristic, such as: maximum operating pressure, maximum inlet pressure. It was not possible to find such a definition in GOSTs. Let's use one of the definitions found on the Internet.
Operating pressure, maximum Pa (bar) - the maximum pressure of the medium in the pipeline, which is allowed during continuous operation, taking into account the physical and mechanical characteristics of the pipeline elements.
In view of the ambiguity of definitions and terms used by different stores, we note the following. The maximum operating pressure at the installation point must be lower than the nominal pressure (PN / PN) of the filter , and the maximum water temperature values must fall within the permissible temperature range for this filter.
Operating pressure
Working pressure (Pp) – the maximum internal excess or external pressure that occurs during the normal course of the working process (in relation to the filter, it is worth taking into account the water temperature. That is, this is the pressure at given temperatures).
The value of the operating pressure is, as a rule, less than the value of the nominal pressure , therefore operation at the maximum operating temperature and nominal pressure of the medium is not allowed.
Unfortunately, most product catalogs in online stores do not provide this characteristic, which in our opinion is the most preferable for selection.
Minimum inlet pressure
The minimum inlet pressure is the minimum pressure value at which the normal operation of the working process is possible. Those. the filter will fully perform its functions. At lower values of the actual inlet pressure, the performance of the filter will be in question.
Durability of FGOV
The durability of filters depends on the material of the housing; it is natural that a metal housing will be stronger than its plastic counterpart and can withstand higher temperatures and pressures, although of course there are plastic filters that are not inferior to metal ones, but they are more expensive than metal.
The service life of the filter element depends on operating conditions, degree of filtration, purpose of the filter, and material of manufacture. The conditional service life under optimal conditions is indicated on the packaging or documentation for the product.
In the manufacture of filter elements, materials such as stainless steel, brass, and bronze are used. They last quite a long time, the material made allows the mesh to be cleaned manually. Can last for several years. Inserts for cartridge, disk and bag filters are made from polypropylene, polyester, nylon.
Selection of manufacturers
- Geyser, Barrier, Aquaphor: from a Russian manufacturer, made in the form of mainline, bag filters for apartments and houses.
- Valtek, TIM, RBM are high-quality and not very expensive filters adapted to Russian realities.
- Honeywell - according to many, the Germans have the best quality.
- FAR, STOUT - customer choice, price/quality ratio.
- BTW are very high-quality, but also expensive filters for purifying running water. Country of origin: England.
- Itar, TM - filters with a pressure gauge; the Koreans give a 5-year warranty on TM .
- Aquafilter - Poland. Sold in EU countries, they serve long and reliably.
- Ecosoft is the leader in filters in Ukraine; they use very high-quality materials in their production.
- Aquashield, MagneticWaterSystems, MBC, Fibos 1 are all leading manufacturers of magnetic filters.
